{"id":442472,"date":"2026-03-05T15:37:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T07:37:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/?p=442472"},"modified":"2026-02-26T15:38:16","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T07:38:16","slug":"debian-%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%a1%8c%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7%ef%bc%88%e6%96%b0%e6%89%8b%e5%88%b0%e8%bf%9b%e9%98%b6%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/442472\/","title":{"rendered":"Debian \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u65b0\u624b\u5230\u8fdb\u9636\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001Debian \u6838\u5fc3 \/ \u81ea\u5e26\u7c7b\uff08\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\uff09<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f Debian \u57fa\u7840\u5b89\u88c5\u5c31\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005 apt \u6e90\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u5f97\u7684\u6807\u914d\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u7c7b\u522b<\/th>\n\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fc5\u4f1a\uff1f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u5305\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\napt<\/td>\napt update apt upgrade apt install vim<\/td>\n\u5b89\u88c5\/\u5347\u7ea7\/\u79fb\u9664\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/td>\nDebian \u73b0\u4ee3\u9996\u9009\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\ndpkg<\/td>\ndpkg -l dpkg -L vim dpkg -i xxx.deb<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305 \/ \u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u4ef6\u5f52\u5c5e \/ \u5b89\u88c5\u672c\u5730 deb<\/td>\n\u5e95\u5c42\u5305\u5de5\u5177\uff0capt \u4f9d\u8d56\u5b83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\nls \/ cd \/ pwd<\/td>\nls -la cd ..<\/td>\n\u5217\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n\u57fa\u7840\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\ncp \/ mv \/ rm<\/td>\ncp -r src dest rm -rf dir<\/td>\n\u590d\u5236 \/ \u79fb\u52a8 \/ \u5220\u9664<\/td>\n\u65e5\u5e38\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nmkdir \/ rmdir \/ touch<\/td>\nmkdir -p deep\/dir touch file.txt<\/td>\n\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\ncat \/ less \/ more<\/td>\ncat file.txt less \/var\/log\/syslog<\/td>\n\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6 \/ \u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b<\/td>\nless \u652f\u6301\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u9875<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406<\/td>\ngrep \/ sed \/ awk<\/td>\ngrep -r \"error\" \/var\/log<\/td>\n\u641c\u7d22 \/ \u66ff\u6362 \/ \u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c<\/td>\n\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u795e\u5668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\nps \/ top \/ kill<\/td>\nps aux top kill -9 PID<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b \/ \u76d1\u63a7 \/ \u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\ntop \u662f\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u5165\u95e8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\ndf -h \/ du -sh<\/td>\ndf -h du -sh \/home\/*<\/td>\n\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528 \/ \u76ee\u5f55\u5360\u7528<\/td>\n\u6392\u67e5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u8db3\u5fc5\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nfree -h \/ uptime<\/td>\nfree -h uptime<\/td>\n\u5185\u5b58 \/ \u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4 & \u8d1f\u8f7d<\/td>\n\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u65ad\u7cfb\u7edf\u5065\u5eb7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7f51\u7edc<\/td>\nip \/ ss \/ ping<\/td>\nip addr ss -tuln ping 8.8.8.8<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b IP \/ \u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3 \/ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fde\u901a<\/td>\n\u73b0\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ee3 ifconfig \/ netstat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6743\u9650<\/td>\nchmod \/ chown<\/td>\nchmod 755 script.sh chown user:group file<\/td>\n\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650 \/ \u6240\u6709\u8005<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5176\u4ed6<\/td>\nsudo \/ su<\/td>\nsudo apt update<\/td>\n\u63d0\u6743\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n\u65e5\u5e38\u907f\u514d root \u767b\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nhistory \/ !!<\/td>\n`history<\/td>\ngrep apt !!`<\/td>\n\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2 \/ \u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u65b0\u624b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\/\u684c\u9762\u5fc5\u88c5\uff09<\/h3>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\u80fd\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1asudo apt install \u5305\u540d<\/p>\n

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\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n\u5b89\u88c5\u547d\u4ee4<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd \/ \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u63a8\u8350<\/th>\n\u5e38\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
htop<\/td>\napt install htop<\/td>\n\u6bd4 top \u597d\u7528 100 \u500d\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u67e5\u770b\u5668\uff08\u6811\u72b6\u3001\u989c\u8272\u3001\u9f20\u6807\uff09<\/td>\n\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c htop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
vim \/ nano<\/td>\napt install vim \u6216 nano\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6709\uff09<\/td>\n\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002vim \u5f3a\u5927\uff0cnano \u7b80\u5355<\/td>\nvim \/etc\/apt\/sources.list<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
curl \/ wget<\/td>\napt install curl wget<\/td>\n\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5 API\u3001\u6293\u7f51\u9875<\/td>\ncurl -O https:\/\/xxx.deb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tree<\/td>\napt install tree<\/td>\n\u4ee5\u6811\u72b6\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/td>\ntree -L 2 \/etc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tmux<\/td>\napt install tmux<\/td>\n\u7ec8\u7aef\u590d\u7528\u5668\uff08\u65ad\u7ebf\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u5206\u5c4f\uff09<\/td>\ntmux new -s work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
fail2ban<\/td>\napt install fail2ban<\/td>\n\u81ea\u52a8\u5c01\u7981\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3 IP\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4fdd\u62a4 SSH\uff09<\/td>\n\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
bat<\/td>\napt install bat<\/td>\n\u5e26\u8bed\u6cd5\u9ad8\u4eae\u7684 cat\uff08\u73b0\u4ee3\u7248\uff09<\/td>\nbat \/etc\/passwd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
fd<\/td>\napt install fd-find<\/td>\n\u6bd4 find \u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u66f4\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22<\/td>\nfd error \/var\/log<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ripgrep (rg)<\/td>\napt install ripgrep<\/td>\n\u6bd4 grep \u5feb 5\u201310 \u500d\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22<\/td>\nrg -i password<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
fzf<\/td>\napt install fzf<\/td>\n\u6a21\u7cca\u641c\u7d22\u795e\u5668\uff08\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u3001git \u7b49\uff09<\/td>\n`history<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ncdu<\/td>\napt install ncdu<\/td>\n\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u78c1\u76d8\u5360\u7528\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\nncdu \/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
btop \/ glances<\/td>\napt install btop \u6216 glances<\/td>\n\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\uff08CPU\/\u5185\u5b58\/\u7f51\u7edc\/\u78c1\u76d8\uff09<\/td>\nbtop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4e00\u952e\u5b89\u88c5\u5e38\u7528\u589e\u5f3a\u5305\u63a8\u8350<\/strong>\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e38\u7528\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

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Bash<\/div>\n
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sudo apt update\r\nsudo apt install htop vim curl wget tree tmux fail2ban bat ripgrep fd-find fzf ncdu btop<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u4e09\u30012025\u20132026 \u5e74\u6d41\u884c\u73b0\u4ee3 CLI \u8d8b\u52bf\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u53ef\u9009\u8fdb\u9636\uff09<\/h3>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u5728 Debian sid \/ testing \u6216\u901a\u8fc7 cargo \/ go \u5b89\u88c5\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u5b98\u65b9\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  • eza<\/strong>\uff08\u73b0\u4ee3 ls \u66ff\u4ee3\uff09\uff1aapt install eza \u2192 eza -la --git --icons<\/li>\n
  • zoxide<\/strong>\uff08\u667a\u80fd cd\uff09\uff1aapt install zoxide \u2192 z \u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55 \u81ea\u52a8\u8df3\u8f6c<\/li>\n
  • starship<\/strong>\uff08\u7f8e\u89c2\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff09\uff1a\u4ece\u5b98\u7f51\u5b89\u88c5\u6216 cargo \u2192 \u8de8 shell \u70ab\u9177\u63d0\u793a<\/li>\n
  • tldr<\/strong>\uff08\u7b80\u6d01 man \u66ff\u4ee3\uff09\uff1aapt install tealdeer \u2192 tldr tar<\/li>\n
  • jq<\/strong>\uff08JSON \u5904\u7406\u795e\u5668\uff09\uff1aapt install jq \u2192 curl api | jq .key<\/li>\n
  • yq<\/strong>\uff08YAML \u5904\u7406\uff09\uff1aapt install yq\uff08go \u7248\uff09\u6216\u4ece\u6e90\u5b89\u88c5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\u5efa\u8bae\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u65b0\u624b\u8def\u5f84\uff09<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \u5148\u719f\u7ec3 apt \u5bb6\u65cf + ls\/cd\/cp\/mv\/rm\/grep<\/li>\n
    2. \u88c5 htop\u3001vim\/nano\u3001curl\/wget\u3001tree<\/li>\n
    3. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u52a0 fail2ban + tmux<\/li>\n
    4. \u8fdb\u9636\u518d\u88c5 bat\/rg\/fd\/fzf\/ncdu<\/li>\n
    5. \u65e5\u5e38\u7528 man \u5de5\u5177\u540d \u6216 tldr \u5de5\u5177\u540d \u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u7528\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1aDebian \u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7b2c\u4e00<\/strong>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u7528\u5b98\u65b9\u6e90\u91cc\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u8ffd\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u611f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u542f sid \u6216\u7528 flatpak\/cargo\/go \u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u4e00\u3001Debian \u6838\u5fc3 \/ \u81ea\u5e26\u7c7b\uff08\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\uff09 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f Debian \u57fa\u7840\u5b89\u88c5\u5c31\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005 apt \u6e90\u91cc\u76f4 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-442472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-debain"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=442472"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":442473,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442472\/revisions\/442473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=442472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=442472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=442472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}