{"id":442470,"date":"2026-03-04T15:35:24","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T07:35:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/?p=442470"},"modified":"2026-02-26T15:36:43","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T07:36:43","slug":"debian-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%88%e6%96%b0%e6%89%8b%e5%bf%85%e8%af%bb%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/442470\/","title":{"rendered":"Debian \u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u8be6\u89e3\uff08\u65b0\u624b\u5fc5\u8bfb\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux\uff08\u5305\u62ec Debian\uff09\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u68f5\u5012\u6302\u7684\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u5e03\u5c40\u9075\u5faa Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)<\/strong> \u6807\u51c6\uff0cDebian \u5bf9\u6b64\u9075\u5b88\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u653e \/usr\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\/\u4f1a\u53d8\u7684\u653e \/var\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u653e \/home\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u653e \/etc\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u653e \/tmp \u6216 \/run\u201d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u89c8\u8868\uff08\u6309\u91cd\u8981\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6392\u5e8f\uff09<\/h3>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u76ee\u5f55<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\uff08\u591a\u673a NFS\uff09<\/th>\n\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\u53d8\u5316<\/th>\nroot \u5199\u6743\u9650<\/th>\n\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u793a\u4f8b<\/th>\n\u8bef\u5220\u540e\u679c\u4e25\u91cd\u5ea6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\/<\/td>\n\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6839<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/etc<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff09<\/td>\n\u901a\u5e38\u5426<\/td>\n\u4f4e<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\/etc\/apt\/sources.list, \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config, \/etc\/fstab, \/etc\/passwd<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/var<\/td>\n\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53d8\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff08\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\uff09<\/td>\n\u901a\u5e38\u5426<\/td>\n\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\/var\/log, \/var\/lib\/dpkg, \/var\/cache\/apt, \/var\/spool<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/home<\/td>\n\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u96c6\u5408<\/td>\n\u53ef\u5171\u4eab<\/td>\n\u4e2d\uff5e\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u90e8\u5206<\/td>\n\/home\/yourname\/.ssh, \/home\/yourname\/.config<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/usr<\/td>\n\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5e93\u3001\u6587\u6863\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e3b\u96c6\u5408<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\u4f4e<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\n\/usr\/bin, \/usr\/lib, \/usr\/share, \/usr\/local<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/bin<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\u4f4e<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\nls, cat, cp, mv, bash<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/sbin<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709 root \u80fd\u7528\uff09<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\u4f4e<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\nfdisk, reboot, ifconfig, apt<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/lib \/ \/lib64<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\u4f4e<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\nlibc.so.6, ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, modules\/<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/boot<\/td>\n\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\u901a\u5e38\u5426\uff08\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\u4f46\u614e\u91cd\uff09<\/td>\n\u4f4e\uff5e\u4e2d<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\nvmlinuz, initrd.img, grub\/grub.cfg<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/dev<\/td>\n\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u7531 udev \u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\uff09<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\n\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\/dev\/sda, \/dev\/null, \/dev\/zero<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/run<\/td>\n\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b PID\u3001socket \u7b49\uff09<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\n\u6781\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\/run\/user\/1000, \/run\/sshd.pid<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/tmp<\/td>\n\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u91cd\u542f\u901a\u5e38\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\n\u6781\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/root<\/td>\nroot \u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\n\u4e2d<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\/root\/.bash_history, \/root\/.ssh<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/mnt<\/td>\n\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff08\u624b\u52a8 mount \u7528\uff09<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\n\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/media<\/td>\n\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u4ecb\u8d28\uff08U\u76d8\u3001\u5149\u76d8\u7b49\uff09<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\n\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u662f<\/td>\n\/media\/yourname\/USB_NAME<\/td>\n\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/proc<\/td>\n\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\n\u6781\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\/proc\/cpuinfo, \/proc\/meminfo, \/proc\/sys<\/td>\n\u53ea\u8bfb\u67e5\u770b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/sys<\/td>\n\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u9a71\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/td>\n\u5426<\/td>\n\u6781\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\/sys\/class\/net, \/sys\/block<\/td>\n\u53ea\u8bfb\u67e5\u770b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u51e0\u7ec4\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u7ec4<\/th>\n\u533a\u522b\u8bf4\u660e<\/th>\n\u8bb0\u4f4f\u53e3\u8bc0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\/bin vs \/usr\/bin<\/td>\n\/bin \u662f\u542f\u52a8\u548c rescue \u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff1b\/usr\/bin \u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u65e5\u5e38\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n\u542f\u52a8\u6551\u547d \u2192 bin\uff1b\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u5177 \u2192 usr\/bin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/sbin vs \/usr\/sbin<\/td>\n\/sbin \u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u6838\u5fc3\uff1b\/usr\/sbin \u662f\u989d\u5916\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\u7ba1 \u2192 sbin\uff1b\u989d\u5916\u7ba1 \u2192 usr\/sbin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/lib vs \/usr\/lib<\/td>\n\/lib \u662f\u542f\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5e93\uff1b\/usr\/lib \u662f\u666e\u901a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e93<\/td>\n\u5f00\u673a\u6551\u547d\u5e93 \u2192 lib\uff1b\u666e\u901a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e93 \u2192 usr\/lib<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/etc vs \/usr\/share<\/td>\n\/etc \u662f\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/strong>\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff1b\/usr\/share \u662f\u53ea\u8bfb<\/strong>\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\/\u6587\u6863<\/td>\n\u914d\u7f6e\u6539\u8fd9\u91cc \u2192 etc\uff1b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e \u2192 usr\/share<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/var\/log vs \/var\/cache<\/td>\nlog \u662f\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u8981\u770b\u3001\u8981\u5907\u4efd\uff09\uff1bcache \u662f\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\uff08apt \u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\uff09<\/td>\n\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\u770b log\uff1b\u5360\u7a7a\u95f4\u5220 cache<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/tmp vs \/var\/tmp<\/td>\n\/tmp \u91cd\u542f\u6e05\u7a7a\uff1b\/var\/tmp \u91cd\u542f\u4fdd\u7559\uff08\u4f46\u4ecd\u53ef\u6e05\uff09<\/td>\n\u4e34\u65f6 \u2192 tmp\uff1b\u7a0d\u4e45\u4e34\u65f6 \u2192 var\/tmp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Debian \u7279\u6709\u6216\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u8865\u5145\uff08\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u4f46\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u90fd\u6709\uff09<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \/etc\/apt\/ \u2192 apt \u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u3001\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5bc6\u94a5<\/li>\n
  • \/var\/lib\/dpkg\/ \u2192 \u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08status \u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/li>\n
  • \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/ \u2192 \u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u7d22\u5f15\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
  • \/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\/\u2192 \u5df2\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684 .deb \u5305\uff08\u53ef\u5b89\u5168\u5220\u9664\uff09<\/li>\n
  • \/usr\/local\/ \u2192 \u81ea\u5df1\u6e90\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u624b\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u653e\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab apt \u8986\u76d6\uff09<\/li>\n
  • \/etc\/systemd\/ \u2192 systemd \u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/li>\n
  • \/etc\/default\/ \u2192 \u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53d8\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5e38\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u5feb\u901f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53e3\u8bc0\uff08\u65b0\u624b\u80cc\u4e0b\u6765\uff09<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \u914d\u7f6e\u6539 \/etc<\/strong>\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u67e5 \/var\/log<\/strong><\/li>\n
    • \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728 \/usr\/bin<\/strong> \u548c \/bin<\/strong>\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5728 \/sbin<\/strong> \u548c \/usr\/sbin<\/strong><\/li>\n
    • \u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u653e \/home<\/strong>\uff0croot \u81ea\u5df1\u7528 \/root<\/strong><\/li>\n
    • \u53d8\u5316\u5927\u653e \/var<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u6254 \/tmp<\/strong> \u6216 \/run<\/strong><\/li>\n
    • \u5185\u6838\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5728 \/boot<\/strong>\uff0c\u522b\u968f\u4fbf\u52a8<\/li>\n
    • \u81ea\u5df1\u88c5\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u653e \/usr\/local<\/strong>\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7684\u522b\u4e71\u78b0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u5b9e\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      Bash<\/div>\n
      \n
      # \u67e5\u770b\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\r\nls -F \/\r\n\r\n# \u6811\u72b6\u663e\u793a\uff08\u9700\u5148\u5b89\u88c5 tree\uff09\r\nsudo apt install tree\r\ntree -L 2 \/     # \u663e\u793a\u4e24\u5c42\u6df1\u5ea6\r\n\r\n# \u53ea\u770b\u5e38\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\r\nls -ld \/bin \/sbin \/usr\/bin \/usr\/sbin \/etc \/var \/home \/root \/boot \/lib \/lib64<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \u638c\u63e1\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u201c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u54ea\u201d\u201c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5728\u54ea\u201d\u201c\u6211\u88c5\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u653e\u54ea\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u5728 Debian \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u6478\u7d22\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      Linux\uff08\u5305\u62ec Debian\uff09\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u68f5\u5012\u6302\u7684\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u5e03 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-442470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-debain"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=442470"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":442471,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442470\/revisions\/442471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=442470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=442470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=442470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}