{"id":442453,"date":"2026-02-26T16:39:39","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T08:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/?p=442453"},"modified":"2026-02-12T16:49:06","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T08:49:06","slug":"ubuntu-server-%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c%e7%bc%93%e6%85%a2%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%9b%a0%e4%b8%8e%e6%8e%92%e6%9f%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/442453\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu Server \u8fd0\u884c\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u6392\u67e5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">Ubuntu Server\uff08\u4ee524.04 LTS Noble Numbat\u7cfb\u5217\u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u70b9\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff09\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u201c\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u6162\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6301\u7eed\u54cd\u5e94\u8fdf\u949d\u201d\u662f\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u75db\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<strong>\u6162<\/strong>\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u6837\uff1aSSH\u767b\u5f55\u5361\u987f\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001Web\/API\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u66b4\u589e\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u541e\u5410\u4e0b\u964d\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f<strong>\u56db\u5927\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u6216\u7ec4\u5408\uff09\u8fbe\u5230\u9971\u548c\u6216\u4e25\u91cd\u4e89\u7528<\/strong>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001I\/O\u7b49\u5f85\u6216\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500\u7206\u70b8\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6309\u53d1\u751f\u6982\u7387\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u4e00\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5206\u7c7b\uff08\u6982\u7387\u6392\u5e8f\uff09<\/h2>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>CPU \u4e89\u7528\u6216\u8c03\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff08\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c~40%\u6848\u4f8b\uff09\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u7ebf\u7a0b\u62a2\u5360\uff08\u5e94\u7528bug\u3001\u722c\u866b\u3001\u6316\u77ff\u811a\u672c\uff09<\/li>\n<li>CPU steal \u65f6\u95f4\u9ad8\uff08\u4e91VPS\u8d85\u552e\u3001noisy neighbor\uff09<\/li>\n<li>CPU governor \u4e3a powersave\/ondemand\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9891\u7387\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53bb<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u8f6f\u4e2d\u65ad\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u6d2a\u6c34\u3001irq\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b + Swap Thrashing<\/strong>\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u6740\u624b\uff0c~25\u201330%\uff09\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6216 OOM \u524d\u5146\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u7533\u8bf7\u672a\u91ca\u653e\uff09<\/li>\n<li>Swap \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u98d9\u5347 \u2192 \u78c1\u76d8IO\u7206\u70b8 \u2192 \u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u5361\u6b7b<\/li>\n<li>zram\/swapfile \u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u6216 zram \u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u8fc7\u9ad8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u74f6\u9888<\/strong>\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6839\u5206\u533a\u6216 \/var\/lib\/docker\uff09\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\/journald \u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f\u672a\u8f6e\u8f6c<\/li>\n<li>Docker\/Podman \u955c\u50cf\/\u5bb9\u5668\/volume \u5806\u79ef<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u5199\u8d1f\u8f7d\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u670d\u52a1\uff09\u5199\u6ee1\u78c1\u76d8\u6216\u9884\u7559\u7a7a\u95f4\u8017\u5c3d<\/li>\n<li>\u786c\u4ef6\u95ee\u9898\uff1aSSD\u8fc7\u70ed\u8282\u6d41\u3001HDD\u574f\u9053\u3001NVMe PCIe\u5e26\u5bbd\u9971\u548c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\u6216\u4e2d\u65ad\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff08\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u5e38\u89c1\uff09\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u3001\u4e22\u5305\u3001TCP backlog \u6ea2\u51fa<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u8f6f\u4e2d\u65ad\uff08softirq\uff09\u5360\u7528\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u6d2a\u6c34\uff09<\/li>\n<li>DNS \u89e3\u6790\u6162\uff08\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\/\u8fde\u63a5\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5185\u6838\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff08\u8f83\u5c11\u4f46\u81f4\u547d\uff09\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u5185\u6838 bug \u6216 mitigations \u5f00\u9500\uff08Spectre\/Meltdown\u7f13\u89e3\uff09<\/li>\n<li>cgroup v2 \u9650\u5236\u8fc7\u4e25\uff08\u5bb9\u5668\u573a\u666f\uff09<\/li>\n<li>systemd \u670d\u52a1\u4f9d\u8d56\u6b7b\u9501\u6216\u542f\u52a8\u8d85\u65f6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5176\u4ed6\u9690\u853d\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u8fc7\u70ed\u5bfc\u81f4 CPU\/GPU\/SSD \u964d\u9891\uff08\u7269\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e38\u89c1\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\/\u540e\u95e8\uff08\u7f55\u89c1\u4f46\u9700\u8b66\u60d5\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u6f02\u79fb\uff08\u65e7\u5185\u6838\u6b8b\u7559\u3001snap \u7f13\u5b58\u7206\u70b8\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u4e8c\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u6392\u67e5\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c5\u201315\u5206\u949f\u5185\u5b9a\u4f4d80%\u95ee\u9898\uff09<\/h2>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u9636\u6bb51\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u6982\u89c8\uff0830\u79d2\u20131\u5206\u949f\uff09<\/h3>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code># 1. \u6574\u4f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u5feb\u7167\r\nuptime          # load average \u6570\u503c\u542b\u4e49\uff1a1\/5\/15\u5206\u949f\u5e73\u5747\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\r\ntop             # \u63091\u67e5\u770b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\uff0c\u6309Shift+M \u6309\u5185\u5b58\u6392\u5e8f\r\n# \u6216 htop \/ btop\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u5b89\u88c5\uff09\r\n\r\n# 2. \u5185\u5b58\u4e0eSwap\u4f7f\u7528\r\nfree -h         # available \u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\r\nvmstat 1 5      # si\/so \u5217 &gt;0 \u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5728Swap\r\n\r\n# 3. \u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0einode\r\ndf -hT          # \u54ea\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u6ee1\uff1f\r\ndf -i           # inode\u8017\u5c3d\uff1f\r\niostat -x 1 5   # %util\u63a5\u8fd1100% = IO\u74f6\u9888\r\n\r\n# 4. CPU steal\uff08\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u5fc5\u770b\uff09\r\nmpstat 1 5      # %steal &gt;5\u201310% \u8bf4\u660e\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u62a2CPU<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u65ad\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>load average &gt;&gt; CPU\u6838\u6570 \u2192 CPU\u4e89\u7528<\/li>\n<li>free \u663e\u793a available &lt; \u603b\u5185\u5b5810% \u6216 swap used &gt;0 \u2192 \u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b<\/li>\n<li>df \u663e\u793a \/ \u6216 \/var &gt;90% \u2192 \u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1<\/li>\n<li>iostat %util \u9ad8 + await &gt;10\u201320ms \u2192 IO\u74f6\u9888<\/li>\n<li>mpstat %steal \u9ad8 \u2192 \u4e91\u8d85\u552e\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5347\u7ea7\u5957\u9910<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u9636\u6bb52\uff1a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\uff082\u20135\u5206\u949f\uff09<\/h3>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code># 1. \u627e\u5403CPU\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\ntop \/ htop \u2192 \u6309CPU\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u770b\u524d\u51e0\u540d\r\nps aux --sort=-%cpu | head -10\r\n\r\n# 2. \u627e\u5403\u5185\u5b58\/\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\ntop \u2192 Shift+M \u6392\u5e8f\r\nps aux --sort=-%mem | head -10\r\n\r\n# 3. \u627eIO\u5360\u7528\u72c2\u9b54\r\niotop -o        # \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6709IO\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08\u9700\u5b89\u88c5\uff09\r\n# \u6216 pidstat -d 1 \u67e5\u770b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u5199\r\n\r\n# 4. journal \u65e5\u5fd7\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5e38\u89c1\u5143\u51f6\uff09\r\njournalctl --disk-usage\r\ndu -sh \/var\/log\/*\r\n\r\n# 5. Docker\/\u5bb9\u5668\u76f8\u5173\uff08\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e86\u5bb9\u5668\uff09\r\ndocker system df\r\ndocker stats --no-stream<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u9636\u6bb53\uff1a\u6df1\u5165\u8bca\u65ad\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u9ad8 steal \u65f6\u95f4<\/strong>\uff08\u4e91VPS\uff09 \u2192 \u76d1\u63a7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6301\u7eed&gt;10%\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u8d85\u552e \u2192 \u8fc1\u79fb\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6216\u5347\u7ea7\u89c4\u683c<\/li>\n<li><strong>Swap Thrashing<\/strong> \u2192 swappiness \u964d\u523010\uff08vm.swappiness=10\uff09\uff0c\u542f\u7528zram\uff08sudo apt install zram-config\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>CPU \u9891\u7387\u4e0d\u4e0a<\/strong> \u2192 \u68c0\u67e5 governor\uff1acpupower frequency-info \u6216 cat \/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/cpu0\/cpufreq\/scaling_governor \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u573a\u666f\u5207\u6362 performance\uff1aecho performance | sudo tee \/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/cpu*\/cpufreq\/scaling_governor<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65e5\u5fd7\/\u7f13\u5b58\u7206\u70b8<\/strong> \u2192 journalctl --vacuum-size=500M \u4e34\u65f6\u6e05\u7406 \u2192 \u914d\u7f6e \/etc\/systemd\/journald.conf \u9650\u5236 SystemMaxUse<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7f51\u7edc\/\u4e2d\u65ad\u95ee\u9898<\/strong> \u2192 sar -n DEV 1 5 \u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410 \u2192 cat \/proc\/interrupts \u770b\u4e2d\u65ad\u5206\u5e03 \u2192 softirq \u9ad8 \u2192 \u53ef\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u6d2a\u6c34\u6216\u9a71\u52a8\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u4e09\u3001\u9884\u9632\u4e0e\u957f\u671f\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5\u76d1\u63a7\uff1aNetdata\uff08\u5b9e\u65f6\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\uff09\u6216 Prometheus + node_exporter\uff08\u8d8b\u52bf+\u544a\u8b66\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5173\u952e\u544a\u8b66\uff1aCPU &gt;90%\u6301\u7eed5min\u3001\u5185\u5b58available &lt;15%\u3001\u78c1\u76d8&gt;85%\u3001steal&gt;5%\u3001swap used&gt;0<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\uff1aapt autoremove\u3001journal vacuum\u3001docker prune\u3001snap \u6e05\u7406\u65e7\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n<li>\u4e91\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u4f4e\u914d\u5171\u4eab\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528burst\u6216\u4e13\u7528\u578b<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4f18\u5316\u4f18\u5148\uff1a\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u7b49\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6536\u76ca\u8fdc\u8d85\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u53c2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3\u6392\u67e5\u601d\u8def<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u201c\u5148\u770b uptime\/top\/free\/df\/iostat\/mpstat \u56db\u5927\u91d1\u521a \u2192 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u8d44\u6e90\u9971\u548c\u7c7b\u578b \u2192 \u7528 htop\/iotop\/journalctl\/docker stats \u6df1\u6316\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u670d\u52a1 \u2192 \u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u6e05\u7406\/\u8c03\u53c2\/\u6269\u5bb9\/\u8fc1\u79fb\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u6162\u201d\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6839\u56e0\uff0c\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u624d\u662f\u5185\u6838\/\u786c\u4ef6\u6df1\u5c42\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9047\u5230\u5361\u6b7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4e91\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u6216\u7269\u7406KVM\u67e5\u770b top\/mpstat\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ubuntu Server\uff08\u4ee524.04 LTS Noble Numbat\u7cfb\u5217\u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u70b9\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff09\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u201c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-442453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ubuntu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=442453"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":442454,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442453\/revisions\/442454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=442453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=442453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=442453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}