{"id":442445,"date":"2026-02-22T16:28:16","date_gmt":"2026-02-22T08:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/?p=442445"},"modified":"2026-02-12T16:29:47","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T08:29:47","slug":"ubuntu-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e9%98%b2%e7%81%ab%e5%a2%99%ef%bc%88ufw%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/442445\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu \u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff08UFW\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">UFW\uff08Uncomplicated Firewall\uff09\u662f Ubuntu \u5b98\u65b9\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42 nftables\uff08Ubuntu 22.04 \u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7248\u672c\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u6216 iptables \u7684\u7b80\u5316\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u80fd\u5728\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u5199\u590d\u6742\u7684 nft\/iptables \u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u5728 2025\u20132026 \u5e74\u7684 Ubuntu Server\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f 24.04 LTS \u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u7248\u672c\uff09\u4e2d\uff0cUFW \u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u9996\u9009\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u4e00\u3001UFW \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">UFW \u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210 nftables \u89c4\u5219\uff0822.04+\uff09\u6216 iptables \u89c4\u5219\uff08\u65e7\u7248\u672c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7684 netfilter \u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5\uff08incoming policy = DENY\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u7ad9\u8fde\u63a5\uff08outgoing policy = ALLOW\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u663e\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u201d\u6216\u201c\u663e\u5f0f\u62d2\u7edd\u201d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u9690\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b26\u5408\u73b0\u4ee3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u66b4\u9732\u9762<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u4e8c\u3001UFW \u57fa\u672c\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u542f\u7528<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u5927\u591a\u6570 Ubuntu Server \u955c\u50cf\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6 UFW \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f<strong>\u5173\u95ed<\/strong>\u72b6\u6001\uff08inactive\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo ufw status verbose<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>text<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>Status: inactive<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u542f\u7528 UFW\uff08\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u597d SSH \u89c4\u5219\u540e\u518d\u542f\u7528\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u91cd\u8981\u63d0\u9192<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c<strong>\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5141\u8bb8 SSH \u7aef\u53e3<\/strong>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u542f\u7528\u540e\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u4e09\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8 SSH<\/h2>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo ufw allow OpenSSH\r\n# \u6216\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5199\r\nsudo ufw allow 22\/tcp\r\n# \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4fee\u6539\u4e86 SSH \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u6210\u4e86 5822\r\nsudo ufw allow 5822\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u5141\u8bb8\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo ufw status numbered<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>text<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>Status: active\r\n\r\n     To                         Action      From\r\n     --                         ------      ----\r\n[ 1] 22\/tcp                    ALLOW IN    Anywhere<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u56db\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u5199\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">UFW \u652f\u6301\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<table dir=\"auto\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">\u8bf4\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u5141\u8bb8 HTTP + HTTPS<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full' \u6216 allow 80,443\/tcp<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">Nginx\/Apache \u5e38\u7528 profile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a IP \u8bbf\u95ee 3306 \u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.50 to any port 3306<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u5236\u6765\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u5141\u8bb8\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">sudo ufw allow from 10.0.0.0\/16<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u5185\u7f51\u5168\u653e\u884c\uff08\u614e\u7528\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u62d2\u7edd\u67d0\u4e2a IP \u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">sudo ufw deny from 203.0.113.88<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u5355\u4e2a IP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u9650\u5236\u901f\u7387\uff08\u9632\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\uff09<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">sudo ufw limit OpenSSH<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u6bcf 30 \u79d2\u6700\u591a 6 \u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u6761\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">sudo ufw delete 3 \u6216 delete allow 80\/tcp<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u7528\u7f16\u53f7\u6216\u5b8c\u6574\u89c4\u5219\u5220\u9664<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u91cd\u7f6e\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u56de\u5230\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">sudo ufw reset<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u4e94\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u6700\u5c0f\u89c4\u5219\u96c6<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u66b4\u9732 Ubuntu Server\uff08\u8fd0\u884c Web + SSH\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo ufw default deny incoming\r\nsudo ufw default allow outgoing\r\n\r\nsudo ufw allow OpenSSH           # \u6216\u4f60\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 SSH \u7aef\u53e3\r\nsudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'      # \u6216 80,443\/tcp\r\n# \u5982\u679c\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6309\u9700\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\r\n# sudo ufw allow 5432\/tcp        # PostgreSQL\uff08\u5efa\u8bae\u9650 IP\uff09\r\n# sudo ufw allow from \u4f60\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP to any port 9100  # node_exporter\r\n\r\nsudo ufw enable\r\nsudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u516d\u3001\u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5\uff08nftables \u539f\u751f\u89c4\u5219\u8865\u5145\uff09<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u5f53 UFW \u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728 \/etc\/ufw\/before.rules \u6216 \/etc\/ufw\/user.rules \u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u539f\u751f nftables\/iptables \u89c4\u5219\uff0cUFW \u4f1a\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u542b\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u8ba9 UFW \u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u8981\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u5982\u9650\u901f\u3001geoip \u5339\u914d\u3001\u961f\u5217\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 nft \u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 nftables \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\/etc\/nftables.conf\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u67e5\u770b UFW \u5b9e\u9645\u7ffb\u8bd1\u540e\u7684 nftables \u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo nft list ruleset<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u4e03\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u542f\u7528 UFW \u540e SSH \u65ad\u5f00<\/strong> \u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u6ca1\u5148 allow SSH\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u3001\u7269\u7406 KVM\u3001\u672c\u5730\u4e32\u53e3\u7b49\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6267\u884c ufw allow ssh &amp;&amp; ufw reload<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u751f\u6548<\/strong> \u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0\uff1aDocker \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539 iptables\/nftables \u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 UFW \u5931\u6548\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u7528 DOCKER-USER \u94fe\u6216\u628a Docker \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a bridge + ufw \u517c\u5bb9\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u8f7d\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>sudo ufw reload \u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8e22\u6389\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong> UFW \u65e5\u5fd7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5199\u5230 \/var\/log\/ufw.log\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/ufw.log \u89c2\u5bdf\u88ab\u963b\u65ad\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\uff1aUFW \u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9<\/h2>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<table dir=\"auto\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">\u63a8\u8350\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">\u7406\u7531<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u4e2a\u4eba VPS\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">UFW<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u6781\u7b80\u3001\u8db3\u591f\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">UFW + nftables<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">UFW \u7ba1\u57fa\u7840\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cnft \u7ba1\u590d\u6742\u7b56\u7565<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u8282\u70b9<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">nftables \/ cilium<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56 UFW\uff0c\u7531 CNI \u63a5\u7ba1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u9700\u8981 geoip\u3001DPI\u3001\u961f\u5217<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">nftables \/ firewalld \/ nftlb<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">UFW \u529f\u80fd\u6709\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u5728 2026 \u5e74\u7684 Ubuntu Server \u751f\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>UFW \u4ecd\u7136\u662f 80%+ \u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u6700\u52a1\u5b9e\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u6587\u6863\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u4e0e Canonical \u7684\u751f\u6001\u6df1\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a <strong>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u653e\u884c\u591a\u5c11\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd + \u53ea\u653e\u884c\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u201d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UFW\uff08Uncomplicated Firewall\uff09\u662f Ubuntu \u5b98\u65b9\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-442445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ubuntu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=442445"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":442446,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442445\/revisions\/442446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=442445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=442445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=442445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}