{"id":442435,"date":"2026-02-17T16:10:01","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T08:10:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/?p=442435"},"modified":"2026-02-12T16:12:57","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T08:12:57","slug":"ubuntu-server-%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e4%b8%8e%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/442435\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu Server \u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS\uff08Noble Numbat\uff09\u7cfb\u5217\u4ecd\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5176\u70b9\u7248\u672c\u5df2\u66f4\u65b0\u81f324.04.3\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u6838\u8865\u4e01\u3001\u9a71\u52a8\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548cbug\u4fee\u590d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u5357\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5b89\u88c5\u51b3\u7b56\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u7cbe\u7b80\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u5b89\u88c5\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u51b3\u7b56<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Ubuntu Server \u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8eSubiquity\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5b89\u88c5\u5668\uff0c\u4e0e\u684c\u9762\u7248\u5171\u4eab\u540e\u7aef\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4f46\u53bb\u9664\u56fe\u5f62\u5c42\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u9762\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u4ecb\u8d28\u5927\u5c0f\u901a\u5e381.3\u20131.6 GB\uff0c\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u684c\u9762\u955c\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">1. \u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u73af\u5883<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u56fa\u4ef6\uff08UEFI\u4f18\u5148\uff09\u52a0\u8f7dGRUB2 \u2192 \u5185\u6838\uff086.8\u7cfb\u5217\uff09+ initrd<\/li>\n<li>initrd\u5305\u542b\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u9a71\u52a8\u6808\uff08nvme\u3001ahci\u3001virtio\u7b49\uff09\u3001udev\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n<li>\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u524d\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u79bb\u7ebf\u5b89\u88c5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">2. \u5b58\u50a8\u5e03\u5c40\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Ubuntu 24.04 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u518d\u5f3a\u5236\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u7acbswap\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u4f9d\u8d56zram\u6216swapfile\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u533a<\/strong>\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u751f\u4ea7\u7b80\u5355\u573a\u666f\uff09\uff1a\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>LVM\u8584\u6c60 + ext4\uff08\u6839\u5206\u533a\u7ea6\u5360\u603b\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u903b\u8f91\u5377\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u9884\u7559\u5927\u91cf\u672a\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u72ec\u7acbswap \u2192 \u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u65f6\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528zram\uff08\u538b\u7f29RAM\uff09\uff0c\u518dfallback\u5230swapfile<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u624b\u52a8\u5206\u533a<\/strong>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\/boot\/efi\uff08FAT32\uff0c512MB\u20131GB\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\/boot\uff08ext4\uff0c1\u20132GB\uff0c\u53ef\u9009\u52a0\u5bc6\uff09<\/li>\n<li>LVM\u7269\u7406\u5377 \u2192 \u903b\u8f91\u5377\u5206\u79bb \/\u3001\/var\u3001\/home\u3001\/data<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u5bc6\u9009\u9879\uff1aLUKS\uff08dm-crypt\uff09\u5168\u76d8\u6216\u5206\u533a\u7ea7\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408TPM\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u9501\uff08\u9700\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\uff09<\/li>\n<li>ZFS\u652f\u6301\u56de\u5f52\uff08guided install\u53ef\u9009\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5feb\u7167\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u3001RAID-Z\uff0c\u4f46\u589e\u52a0\u5185\u5b58\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u22658GB\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u9009\u62e9\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5206\u533a\u6570\u91cf\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\/var\/log\u3001\/var\/lib\/docker\u7b49\u9ad8\u5199\u8d1f\u8f7d\u76ee\u5f55\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5199\u6ee1\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">3. \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u4f9d\u8d56cloud-init\u4ece\u5143\u6570\u636e\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6IP\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001SSH\u5bc6\u94a5<\/li>\n<li>\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u9ed8\u8ba4DHCP\uff0c\u9759\u6001IP\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\uff08Netplan YAML\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8eab\u4efd\u9636\u6bb5\u652f\u6301\u4eceGitHub\/Launchpad\/Ubuntu One\u5bfc\u5165SSH\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u4f18\u5148ed25519\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9ad8\u4e8ersa-2048\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">4. \u8f6f\u4ef6\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ec5\u5b89\u88c5\u6781\u7b80\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff08openssh-server\u3001curl\u3001vim\u7b49\uff09\u3002 Featured Snaps\uff08\u5982docker\u3001microk8s\uff09\u53ef\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u52fe\u9009\uff0c\u4f46\u5efa\u8baepost-install\u901a\u8fc7snap\/ apt\u63a7\u5236\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5b89\u88c5\u5668\u9636\u6bb5\u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u9996\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a0\u56fa\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">1. \u66f4\u65b0\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u8865\u4e01\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Ubuntu\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u5c42\u66f4\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>Main\/Universe\u4ed3\u5e93 \u2192 5\u5e74\u514d\u8d39\u5b89\u5168\u7ef4\u62a4<\/li>\n<li>Ubuntu Pro\uff08\u514d\u8d39\u4e2a\u4eba\/\u5c0f\u56e2\u961f30\u53f0\u4ee5\u5185\uff09 \u2192 \u6269\u5c55\u81f310\u5e74 + Livepatch\uff08\u5185\u6838\u70ed\u8865\u4e01\u65e0\u91cd\u542f\uff09 + ESM\u4ed3\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u9996\u6b21\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt full-upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">full-upgrade\u6bd4upgrade\u66f4\u5f7b\u5e95\uff0c\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u53d8\u66f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u542f\u7528\u65e0\u4eba\u503c\u5b88\u66f4\u65b0\uff08unattended-upgrades\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/apt\/apt.conf.d\/50unattended-upgrades\u542f\u7528${distro_codename}-security<\/li>\n<li>\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u6bcf\u65e5\u68c0\u67e5\u5b89\u5168\u6e90\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u9ad8\u5371\u8865\u4e01\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e0day\u66b4\u9732\u7a97\u53e3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">2. \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528root\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219\uff08POLP\uff09\u3002 \u521b\u5efa\u4e13\u7528\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u52a0\u5165sudo\u7ec4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>sudo\u7ec4\u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/sudoers.d\/\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u53ef\u9650\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u767d\u540d\u5355\u4e3b\u673a\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528adduser\u800c\u975euseradd\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3001shell\u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">3. SSH\u5b89\u5168\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">SSH\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u66b4\u9732\u9762\uff0c2026\u5e74\u63a8\u8350\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u5f3a\u5236\u516c\u94a5\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff08ed25519\u6216ecdsa-nistp521\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u7981\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff08PasswordAuthentication no\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62root\u767b\u5f55\uff08PermitRootLogin no\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u9009\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\uff08AllowUsers user@ip\uff09\u3001\u66f4\u6539\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u975e\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ec5\u964d\u4f4e\u566a\u97f3\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u542f\u7528PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms +ssh-ed25519\uff08\u7981\u7528\u65e7\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982ssh-rsa\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u9700\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo sshd -t\r\nsudo systemctl restart ssh<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">4. \u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u5c42\u9632\u5fa1<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">UFW\uff08Uncomplicated Firewall\uff09\u662f\u5bf9iptables\/nftables\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u524d\u7aef\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528nftables\u540e\u7aef\uff0824.04\u5df2\u5168\u9762\u5207\u6362\uff09\u3002 \u542f\u7528\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u3002<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo ufw default deny incoming\r\nsudo ufw default allow outgoing\r\nsudo ufw allow OpenSSH   # \u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\/\u6765\u6e90IP\r\nsudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u9ad8\u7ea7\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u7ed3\u5408\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>nftables\u76f4\u63a5\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u9650\u901f\u3001connlimit\uff09<\/li>\n<li>fail2ban\uff08\u76d1\u63a7auth.log\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5c01\u7981\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3IP\uff09<\/li>\n<li>crowdsec\uff08\u793e\u533a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u5f0fIPS\uff0c\u652f\u6301 bouncer \u5230\u9632\u706b\u5899\/\u4e91API\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">5. \u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u52a0\u56fa\u8981\u70b9<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>AppArmor<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5e38\u89c1\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5982sshd\u3001apache2\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08MAC\uff09\u3002\u68c0\u67e5\u72b6\u6001\uff1aaa-status<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0 + Livepatch<\/strong>\uff1aPro\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u542f\u7528\u5185\u6838\u5b9e\u65f6\u8865\u4e01\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u56e0\u8865\u4e01\u91cd\u542f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u7a97\u53e3<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong>\uff1a\u542f\u7528auditd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5173\u952e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff1bjournald\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff08\/var\/log\/journal\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\u6e05\u7406<\/strong>\uff1aapt autoremove\u3001apt autoclean\u79fb\u9664\u65e0\u7528\u5305<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65f6\u533a\u4e0eNTP<\/strong>\uff1asystemd-timesyncd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6b65\uff08\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5173\u8054\u4f9d\u8d56\u51c6\u786e\u65f6\u95f4\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u5feb\u901f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6e05\u5355<\/h2>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u5305\u5747\u4e3a\u6700\u65b0\uff08apt list --upgradable\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u65f6\u533a\u6b63\u786e\uff08timedatectl\uff09<\/li>\n<li>SSH\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0croot\u7981\u6b62\uff08sshd -T | grep -i permitroot\uff09<\/li>\n<li>UFW\u542f\u7528\u4e14\u7b56\u7565\u4e3adeny incoming<\/li>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53efsudo\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5bc6\u7801\u7684root\u767b\u5f55\u88ab\u7981\u7528<\/li>\n<li>unattended-upgrades\u914d\u7f6e\u5305\u542bsecurity\u6e90<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u5177\u5907\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea7\u57fa\u7840\u5b89\u5168\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6839\u636e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5\u5bb9\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff08Docker\/Podman\uff09\u3001\u7f16\u6392\uff08Kubernetes via MicroK8s\uff09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216Web\u6808\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u540e\u7eed\u6269\u5c55\u53ef\u5173\u6ce8\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>Netplan\u4e0esystemd-networkd\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<li>snap vs deb\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u573a\u666f\u7684\u6743\u8861<\/li>\n<li>cis-cat\u6216Ubuntu Security Guide\uff08usg\uff09\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5408\u89c4\u68c0\u67e5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e\uff0cUbuntu Server\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u9500\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u53ef\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS\uff08Noble Numbat\uff09\u7cfb\u5217\u4ecd\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5176\u70b9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-442435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ubuntu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=442435"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":442436,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442435\/revisions\/442436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=442435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=442435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=442435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}