{"id":441505,"date":"2025-04-27T15:29:59","date_gmt":"2025-04-27T07:29:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/?p=441505"},"modified":"2025-04-27T15:29:59","modified_gmt":"2025-04-27T07:29:59","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87-django-%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e9%80%9f%e5%ba%a6%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/441505\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u63d0\u5347 Django \u63a5\u53e3\u5f00\u53d1\u901f\u5ea6\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. \u6784\u5efa\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784<\/h2>\n

1.1 \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5f00\u53d1<\/h3>\n

\u5728 Django \u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\uff08\u5982\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8ba2\u5355\u5904\u7406\uff09\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u964d\u4f4e\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5355\u72ec\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2 \u9075\u5faa RESTful \u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u8303<\/h3>\n

\u63a5\u53e3\u5f00\u53d1\u63a8\u8350\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167 RESTful \u98ce\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528 HTTP \u52a8\u4f5c\uff08GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u89c4\u8303 URL \u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u524d\u540e\u7aef\u534f\u4f5c\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528 Django \u7279\u6027<\/h2>\n

2.1 Django REST Framework\uff08DRF\uff09<\/h3>\n

DRF \u662f Django \u5f00\u53d1 API \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5229\u5668\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u5176\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u96c6\u3001\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u6784\u5efa\u5065\u58ee\u7684 Web API\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5206\u9875\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a5\u53e3\u54cd\u5e94\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

2.2 \u4f18\u5316 ORM \u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n

Django \u7684 ORM \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528 select_related<\/code> \u548c prefetch_related<\/code>\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0cDjango \u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8fc1\u79fb\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53d8\u66f4\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

2.3 \u5229\u7528 Signals \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n

Django Signals \u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u9001\u6b22\u8fce\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u624b\u52a8\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u5229\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387<\/h2>\n

3.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u624b\u67b6\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n

\u901a\u8fc7 Cookiecutter \u7b49\u811a\u624b\u67b6\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u751f\u6210\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684 Django \u9879\u76ee\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u7701\u53bb\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u642d\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2 \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u63a5\u53e3\u8c03\u8bd5<\/h3>\n

\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u5982 DRF \u7684 API \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 Postman \u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u63a5\u53e3\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n

3.3 \u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u90e8\u7f72\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883<\/h3>\n

\u501f\u52a9 Docker \u548c Docker Compose\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u6784\u5efa\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u73af\u5883\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u642d\u5efa\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u9009\u62e9\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f4e\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u6280\u672f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\uff01<\/p>\n

4. \u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6280\u5de7<\/h2>\n

4.1 \u91cd\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u5c01\u88c5<\/h3>\n

\u5c06\u5e38\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u62bd\u79bb\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u516c\u5171\u7c7b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2 \u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n

\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528 Django \u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982 Memcached \u6216 Redis\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u63a5\u53e3\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

4.3 \u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n

\u5c06\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff09\u4ea4\u7531 Celery \u7b49\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u63a5\u53e3\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n

4.4 \u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7ebf\u4e0a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u524d\u540e\u7aef\u9ad8\u6548\u534f\u4f5c<\/h2>\n

5.1 \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u6863<\/h3>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 Swagger \u6216 OpenAPI \u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u63a5\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u524d\u540e\u7aef\u6c9f\u901a\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

5.2 Mock \u6570\u636e\u652f\u6301\u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1<\/h3>\n

\u5229\u7528 Django \u7684 fixture \u6216 json-server \u5feb\u901f\u751f\u6210 Mock \u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u524d\u7aef\u72ec\u7acb\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u6574\u4f53\u5f00\u53d1\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

6. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n

\u52a0\u901f Django \u540e\u7aef\u63a5\u53e3\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528 Django \u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u9ad8\u901f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\uff0c\u80fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u52a9\u529b\u9879\u76ee\u9ad8\u6548\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. \u6784\u5efa\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784 1.1 \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5f00\u53d1 \u5728 Django \u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182397],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-441505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=441505"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441505\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=441505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=441505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=441505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}