{"id":441502,"date":"2025-04-25T14:18:03","date_gmt":"2025-04-25T06:18:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/?p=441502"},"modified":"2025-04-25T14:18:03","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T06:18:03","slug":"%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e6%96%87%e6%9c%ac%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e5%88%a9%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%9a%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e6%8e%8c%e6%8f%a1-awk-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/441502\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9ad8\u6548\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5229\u5668\uff1a\u6df1\u5165\u638c\u63e1 awk \u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u6218\u6280\u5de7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001awk \u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u754c\u7684\u201c\u591a\u9762\u624b\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>awk \u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e09\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08Aho\u3001Weinberger\u3001Kernighan\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u5219\u5feb\u901f\u63d0\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u8868\u7b49\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6392\u67e5\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0cawk \u7684\u51fa\u8272\u8868\u73b0\u5e38\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8273\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u7e41\u7410\u7684 Python \u811a\u672c\u6216 Shell \u51fd\u6570\uff0cawk \u66f4\u8f7b\u91cf\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h2>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u53f0\u90e8\u7f72\u5728<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u4e0a\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u6536\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u62a5\u8b66\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5927\u91cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u6545\u969c\u6839\u56e0\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u9ad8\u5cf0\u65f6\u6bb5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b awk \u811a\u672c\u5feb\u901f\u5e94\u5bf9\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u63d0\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk '\r\n{\r\n    time = $7\r\n    gsub(\/ms\/, \"\", time)\r\n    time = time + 0\r\n    if (time &gt;= 1000) {\r\n        printf \"\u65f6\u95f4: %s %s\\nIP: %s\\n\u8bf7\u6c42: %s %s\\n\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4: %dms\\n----------\\n\",\r\n        $1, $2, substr($3, 2, length($3)-2), $4, $5, time\r\n    }\r\n}' access.log\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk '\r\nBEGIN {\r\n    print \"\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\uff1a\"\r\n    print \"-------------------\"\r\n}\r\n{\r\n    split($2, t, \":\")\r\n    minute = t[1] \":\" t[2]\r\n    count[minute]++\r\n}\r\nEND {\r\n    n = asorti(count, sorted)\r\n    for(i=1; i&lt;=n; i++) {\r\n        printf \"%s:00 - %d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\\n\", sorted[i], count[sorted[i]]\r\n    }\r\n}' access.log\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u6d41\u91cf\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f53\u60a8\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u7f72\u4e8e<strong>\u9999\u6e2fVPS\u4e3b\u673a<\/strong>\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u5347\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001awk \u57fa\u7840\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5b9e\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u901f\u67e5<\/h2>\n<h3>awk \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk 'BEGIN { \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u52a8\u4f5c }\r\n     \u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad { \u5339\u914d\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c }\r\n     END { \u6536\u5c3e\u52a8\u4f5c }' \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BEGIN<\/strong> \u5757\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u524d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u5370\u6807\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u4f53\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>END<\/strong> \u5757\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7edf\u8ba1\u6216\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>awk \u5e38\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u53d8\u91cf<\/th>\n<th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>$0<\/td>\n<td>\u5f53\u524d\u6574\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>$1~$n<\/td>\n<td>\u5404\u5b57\u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NR<\/td>\n<td>\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u7406\u7684\u884c\u53f7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NF<\/td>\n<td>\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u5b9e\u6218<\/h2>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u53f0<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868 <code>process.txt<\/code>\uff0cawk \u7684\u5a01\u529b\u5728\u6b64\u53d1\u6325\u5f97\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u63d0\u53d6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk '{print $1, $5, $6}' process.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>root mysql running\r\nadmin nginx running\r\nroot java stopped\r\nnobody nginx running\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>2. \u8fc7\u6ee4\u9ad8CPU\u5360\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk '$3 &gt; 5 {print $5 \" CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff1a\" $3\"%\"}' process.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>java CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff1a8.5%\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3. \u5e73\u5747CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk '{sum+=$3} END {print \"\u5e73\u5747CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387:\", sum\/NR\"%\"}' process.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001awk \u9ad8\u9636\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a\u5206\u7ec4\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n<h3>\u6309\u7528\u6237\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk '{user[$1]++} END {\r\n    for (u in user) {\r\n        print u \"\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\uff1a\" user[u]\r\n    }\r\n}' process.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>root\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\uff1a2\r\nadmin\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\uff1a1\r\nnobody\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\uff1a1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u6309\u72b6\u6001\u7edf\u8ba1\u670d\u52a1\u6570<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">awk '{stat[$6]++} END {\r\n    for (s in stat) {\r\n        print s, stat[s]\r\n    }\r\n}' process.txt\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed\uff1a\u9009\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e8b\u534a\u529f\u500d<\/h2>\n<p>\u638c\u63e1 awk\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u5728\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5982\u864e\u6dfb\u7ffc\u3002\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e13\u533a<\/strong>\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/idc.net\/\"><strong>\u9999\u6e2fVPS<\/strong><\/a>\u3001<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u4e0e<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u9002\u914d\u8de8\u5883\u7535\u5546\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u52a0\u901f\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u529e\u516c\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u52a9\u60a8\u4e00\u7ad9\u5f0f\u90e8\u7f72\u4e9a\u6d32\u8282\u70b9\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u4e00\u3001awk \u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u754c\u7684\u201c\u591a\u9762\u624b\u201d awk \u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-441502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=441502"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441502\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=441502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=441502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=441502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}