{"id":411647,"date":"2022-05-09T15:29:36","date_gmt":"2022-05-09T07:29:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/411647\/"},"modified":"2022-05-09T15:29:36","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T07:29:36","slug":"%e5%9c%a8groovy%e4%b8%ad%e7%bc%96%e5%86%99%e6%ad%a3%e5%88%99%e8%a1%a8%e8%be%be%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/411647\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5728Groovy\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e0eJava\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c \u5728Groovy\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08regexes\uff09\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e50\u8da3\u3002\u5728Java\u4e2d\uff0c regexes\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u5904\u7406Pattern\u548cMatcher\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u6837\u677f\u4ee3\u7801\uff08boilerplate coding\uff09\u3002\u800cGroovy\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2aJava\u5bf9\u8c61\u505a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c3\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

Groovy\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u7528slashy\uff08\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8bed\u6cd5\u201c\/..\/\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4ee5\u6765\u4fbf\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5728Java\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n \n \n 
    \n  \n  \n  
  1. assert (\/Hello World\/ in String)  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
  2. assert (\/Hi \\there\/ == 'Hi \\\\there')  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
    Groovy\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4fbf\u662f\u6a21\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08~\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aPattern\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n \n \n 
      \n  \n  \n  
    1. p = ~\/\\b[a-zA-Z]\\b\/ <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
      \u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528Java\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n \n \n 
        \n  \n  \n  
      1. import<\/font><\/strong> java.util.regex.*  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
      2. Pattern p = Pattern.compile(\"\\\\b[a-zA-Z]\\\\b\"<\/font>);  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
        \u88683.1\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ca\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6e05\u5355\u53ef\u53c2\u8003Pattern API\u6587\u6863\uff0chttp:\/\/java.sun.com\/j2se\/1.5.0\/docs\/api\/java\/util\/regex\/Pattern.html\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u88683.1 \u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n
        \u6a21\u5f0f \u542b\u4e49
         
        a?
         \u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5339\u914d1\u6b21a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5339\u914d
         
        a*
         \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u591a\u5339\u914da\uff0c\u6700\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5339\u914d
         
        a+
         \u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u591a\u5339\u914da\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5339\u914d1\u6b21
         
        a|b
         \u5339\u914da\u6216b
         
        (ab)
         \u5206\u7ec4
         
        .
         \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26
         
        [abc]
         \u5339\u914da\uff0cb\u6216c
         
        [^abc]
         \u5339\u914d\u9664\u4e86a\uff0cb\u6216c\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26
         
        [a-z]
         \u5339\u914da\u5230z\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd
         
        \\d
         \u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c0-9 \u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a
         
        \\s
         \u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u3001\u6362\u9875\u7b26\u7b49\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a
         
        \\w
         \u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f A-Z,a-z,0-9,_ \u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a
         
        \\b
         \u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5355\u8bcd\u548c\u7a7a\u683c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26
         
        ^
         \u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26
         
        $
         \u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n
        \u7b2c2\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u662f\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08=~\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ece\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aMatcher\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
        \n \n \n 
          \n  \n  \n  
        1. import<\/font><\/strong> java.util.regex.Matcher  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
        2. def matcher = \"Groovy\"<\/font> =~ \/G.*\/  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
        3. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher in Matcher  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
        4. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher.matches()  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
          \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5176Java\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \n \n \n 
            \n  \n  \n  
          1. import<\/font><\/strong> java.util.regex.*;  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
          2. Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(\"G.*\"<\/font>);  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
          3. Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(\"Groovy\"<\/font>);  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
          4. matcher.matches();  <\/span><\/li>\n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
            \u60a8\u53ef\u628aMatcher\u5bf9\u8c61\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u7b2c1\u7ef4\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u7b2c2\u7ef4\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5185\u7684\u6355\u83b7\u7ec4\uff08capture group\uff09\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u6e05\u53553.2\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u6e05\u53553.2 Using Regexes Groups with Matcher<\/p>\n
            \n \n \n 
              \n  \n  \n  
            1. def text = \"\"<\/font>\"  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            2. Lorem 1<\/font>:30<\/font> PM ipsum dolor 12<\/font>:00<\/font> PM sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            3. \"\"<\/font>\"  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            4.  <\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            5. def HOUR = \/10<\/font>|11<\/font>|12<\/font>|[0<\/font>-9<\/font>]\/  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            6. def MINUTE = \/[0<\/font>-5<\/font>][0<\/font>-9<\/font>]\/  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            7. def AM_PM = \/AM|PM\/  <\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            8. def time = \/($HOUR):($MINUTE) ($AM_PM)\/  <\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            9.  <\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            10. def matcher = text =~ time  <\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            11.  <\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            12. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher[0<\/font>] == [\"1:30 PM\"<\/font>, \"1\"<\/font>, \"30\"<\/font>, \"PM\"<\/font>] \/\/First Match <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            13.  <\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            14. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher[0<\/font>][0<\/font>] == \"1:30 PM\"<\/font> \/\/First match group in the first match <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            15. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher[0<\/font>][1<\/font>] == \"1\"<\/font> \/\/Second match group in the first match (HOUR) <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            16. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher[0<\/font>][2<\/font>] == \"30\"<\/font> \/\/Third match group in the first match (MINUTE) <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            17. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher[0<\/font>][3<\/font>] == \"PM\"<\/font> \/\/Fourth match group in the first match (AM_PM) <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            18.    <\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            19. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher[1<\/font>] == [\"12:00 PM\"<\/font>, \"12\"<\/font>, \"00\"<\/font>, \"PM\"<\/font>] \/\/Second Match <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            20. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher[1<\/font>][0<\/font>] == \"12:00 PM\"<\/font> \/\/First match group in the second match <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            21. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher[1<\/font>][1<\/font>] == \"12\"<\/font> \/\/Second match group in the second match (HOUR) <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            22. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher[1<\/font>][2<\/font>] == \"00\"<\/font> \/\/Third match group in the second match (MINUTE) <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
            23. assert<\/font><\/strong> matcher[1<\/font>][3<\/font>] == \"PM\"<\/font> \/\/Fourth match group in the second match (AM_PM)<\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
              ***\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5339\u914d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08==~\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aBoolean\u503c\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
              \n \n \n 
                \n  \n  \n  
              1. assert<\/font><\/strong> \"Groovy\"<\/font> ==~ \/G.*\/  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
              2. assert<\/font><\/strong> 123<\/font> ==~ \/\\d+\/  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
              3. assert<\/font><\/strong> !123<\/font> ==~ \/\\D+\/  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4e0eString\u7684replace*\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982replaceFirst\u7b49\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
                \n \n \n 
                  \n  \n  \n  
                1. \/\/\u628a***\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201cTo\u201d  <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
                2. assert<\/font><\/strong> \"Welcome To Groovy\"<\/font> == \"Welcome 2 Groovy\"<\/font>.replaceFirst(\/\\d\/, \"To\"<\/font>)  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                  GDK String\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u95ed\u5305\u7684replace\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u95ed\u5305\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6355\u6349\u7ec4\uff08captured group\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n
                  \n \n \n 
                    \n  \n  \n  
                  1. \/\/\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201cGroovy\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
                  2. \"Hello GROOVY, GROOVY rocks\"<\/font> == \"Hello Groovy, Groovy rocks\"<\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
                  3. .replaceAll(\"Groovy\"<\/font>) {Object[] it ->it[0<\/font>].toUpperCase()}  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                    \u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528grep\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7b5b\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
                    \n \n \n 
                      \n  \n  \n  
                    1. \/\/\u8fd4\u56de\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u4ee5\u201cG\u201d\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5143\u7d20 <\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n  \n  \n  
                    2. assert<\/font><\/strong> [\"Groovy\"<\/font>] == [\"Groovy\"<\/font>,\"Rocks\"<\/font>].grep(~\/G.*\/)  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                      \u3010\u7f16\u8f91\u63a8\u8350\u3011<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u5728Groovy\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 <\/li>\n
                      2. Groovy\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u9759\u6001main\u65b9\u6cd5<\/font> <\/li>\n
                      3. \u57fa\u4e8eJVM\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u884c<\/font> <\/font> <\/li>\n
                      4. \u4e13\u9898\uff1aGroovy\u5f00\u53d1\u6280\u672f<\/font> <\/font> <\/li>\n
                      5. \u4e13\u9898\uff1aScala\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00<\/font> <\/font><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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