{"id":300146,"date":"2022-06-28T23:36:34","date_gmt":"2022-06-28T15:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/300146\/"},"modified":"2022-06-28T23:36:34","modified_gmt":"2022-06-28T15:36:34","slug":"%e6%b5%85%e6%9e%90%e5%87%a0%e7%a7%8d%e4%ba%a4%e6%8d%a2%e6%9c%ba%e6%bc%8f%e6%b4%9e%e6%94%bb%e5%87%bb%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/300146\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6d45\u6790\u51e0\u79cd\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u81ea\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bf8\u591a\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6d1e\u6089\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u5fc5\u4fee\u8bfe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb\u4e4bVLAN\u8df3\u8dc3\u653b\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u865a\u62df\u5c40\u57df\u7f51(VLAN)\u662f\u5bf9\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6bb5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002VLAN\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2aVLAN\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aVLAN\u4e0a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7VLAN\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6076\u610f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u901a\u8fc7VLAN\u8df3\u8dc3\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aVLAN\u8df3\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aVLAN.<\/p>\n

VLAN\u8df3\u8dc3\u653b\u51fb(VLAN hopping)\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u4e2d\u7ee7\u534f\u8bae(DTP)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0cDTP\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u4e24\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u6210\u4e3a802.1Q\u4e2d\u7ee7\uff0c\u6d3d\u5546\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

VLAN\u8df3\u8dc3\u653b\u51fb\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e86DTP\uff0c\u5728VLAN\u8df3\u8dc3\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed1\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b3a\u9a97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5192\u5145\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u865a\u5047\u7684DTP\u534f\u5546\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7ee7;\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2aDTP\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u542f\u7528802.1Q\u4e2d\u7ee7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u4e2d\u7ee7\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u6709VLAN\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u9ed1\u5ba2\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u9ed1\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u6d4b\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u5e27\u6dfb\u52a0802.1Q\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u60f3\u628a\u653b\u51fb\u6d41\u91cf\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u54ea\u4e2aVLAN.<\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb\u4e4b\u751f\u6210\u6811\u653b\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u751f\u6210\u6811\u534f\u8bae(STP)\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u73af\u5883\u51fa\u73b0\u56de\u8def\u3002\u8981\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u62e5\u585e\u4e0d\u582a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77MAC\u8868\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528STP\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u6865\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143(BPDU)\u6765\u5171\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cBPDU\u6bcf\u4e24\u79d2\u5c31\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53d1\u9001BPDU\u65f6\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u542b\u6709\u540d\u4e3a\u7f51\u6865ID\u7684\u6807\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u6865ID\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u53ef\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6570(\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f32768)\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u672cMAC\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u8fd9\u4e9bBPDU\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u7f51\u6865ID\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u4f4e\u7f51\u6865ID\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6210\u4e3a\u6839\u7f51\u6865(root bridge)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u7f51\u6865\u597d\u6bd4\u662f\u5c0f\u9547\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u533a\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9547\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5bb6\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e02\u6c11\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u5230\u8fbe\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u6bd4\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u7ebf\u6765\u5f97\u957f\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4e3b\u901a\u9053\u51fa\u73b0\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u7f51\u6865\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u7f51\u6865\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6210\u672c\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u672c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5e26\u5bbd\u6240\u5206\u914d\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u8def\u7ebf\u53d1\u73b0\u6446\u8131\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u56de\u8def(\u8b6c\u5982\u8981\u662f\u4e3b\u8def\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898)\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u88ab\u8bbe\u6210\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6076\u610f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5229\u7528STP\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u53d1\u52a8\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1(DoS)\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6076\u610f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u628a\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u6865ID\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684BPDU\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b3a\u9a97\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6839\u7f51\u6865\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4STP\u91cd\u65b0\u6536\u655b(reconverge)\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb\u4e4bMAC\u8868\u6d2a\u6c34\u653b\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a \u5e27\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0bMAC\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aMAC\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u5e27\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\u901a\u5f80\u8be5MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u5c06\u53ea\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u4ece\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

MAC\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u5bfb\u5740\u5b58\u50a8\u5668(CAM)\u91cc\u9762\uff0cCAM\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a128K\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6076\u610f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5411CAM\u53d1\u9001\u5927\u6279\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u5404\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u5927\u6279\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u9690\u60a3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5728\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb\u4e4bARP\u653b\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n

ARP(Address ResolutionProtocol)\u6b3a\u9a97\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u52ab\u6301\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u624b\u6cd5\u3002\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae(ARP)\u5229\u7528\u7b2c2\u5c42\u7269\u7406MAC\u5730\u5740\u6765\u6620\u5c04\u7b2c3\u5c42\u903b\u8f91IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u5907\u77e5\u9053\u4e86IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3b\u673a\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u5e7f\u64ad\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6076\u610f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u88ab\u6b3a\u9a97\u7684ARP\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u53d1\u5f80\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aARP\u6b3a\u9a97\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5\u5e7f\u64ad\u5e27\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u9ed1\u5ba2Jimmy\u4e5f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u83b7\u53d6\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u9ed1\u5ba2Jimmy\u6b3a\u9a97ARP\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662fIP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a10.0.0.55(MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e3a05-1C-32-00-A1-99)\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5728MAC\u5730\u8868\u4e2d\u6709\u4e86\u4e0e\u8be5MAC\u8868\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u53d1\u5f80\u8fd9\u4e2aMAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e27\u88ab\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u548c\u9ed1\u5ba2Jimmy.<\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb\u4e4bVTP\u653b\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n

VLAN\u4e2d\u7ee7\u534f\u8bae(VTP\uff0cVLAN TrunkProtocol)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4ea4\u6362\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5c31VTP\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fVTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001VTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005VTP\u900f\u660e\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bbaVTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548cVTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u6b21\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8eVTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u6539\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u8fd8\u662f\u79fb\u9664VLAN\uff0cVTP\u914d\u7f6e\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u90fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a01\uff0cVTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u770b\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u5927\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e0eVTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6076\u610f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9VTP\u4e3a\u5df1\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u79fb\u9664\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709VLAN(\u9664\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684VLAN\u5916)\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aVLAN\u4e0a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6076\u610f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6539\u52a8\u4ed6\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6240\u5728\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u3002 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u4ea7\u54c1<\/p>\n

\u6076\u610f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u53ea\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u4e2d\u7ee7\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528VTP.\u9ed1\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001VTP\u6d88\u606f\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684VTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u90fd\u4e0e\u6076\u610f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u628a\u6240\u6709\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684VLAN\u4eceVLAN\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u51fa\u53bb\u3002
 <\/p>\n

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    \n
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     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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