\u5f53\u4eca\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u201d\uff08Internet of Things, IoT\uff09\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7247\u4e0a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u5ea6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9010\u6b65\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff1bWi-Fi\uff08wireless fidelity\uff09\u3001\u84dd\u7259\u30015G\uff085th generation\uff09\u7b49\u65e0\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u9762\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u4e07\u7269\u4e92\u8054\u201d\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u624b\u673a\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7b49\u667a\u80fd\u8bbe\u5907\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\uff1a\u4ece\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u626b\u5730\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u97f3\u7bb1\u3001\u84dd\u7259\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\u5230\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u6d41\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c0f\u89d1\u3002\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08personal computer, PC\uff09\u3001\u624b\u673a\u7b49\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bbe\u5907\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u66f4\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u6613\u6210\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u90e8\u7f72\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u6781\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u524d\u5728 PC \u548c\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u4e0a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u5c40\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff08address space layout randomization, ASLR\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5199\u3001\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u76f8\u4ea4\uff0c\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u4fdd\u62a4\uff08stack smashing protection, SSP\uff09\u7b49[5]\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6f0f\u6d1e\u66f4\u6613\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n
\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5468\u8fb9\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f4e\u7aef\uff09\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e14\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u589e\u5927\u4e86\u8bbe\u5907\u906d\u53d7\u5b89\u5168\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u201c\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u201d\u3001\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u7ebf\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u5230\u626b\u63cf\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u4e00\u4e9b\u957f\u671f\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u516c\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5982\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u201c\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u9ed1\u5ba2\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u626b\u63cf\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u906d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u50f5\u5c38\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5c06\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u8bbe\u5907\u9020\u6210\u957f\u671f\u7684\u3001\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4fa7\u4fe1\u9053\u653b\u51fb\uff08side-channel attacks\uff09\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u529f\u8017\u4e0e CPU \u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u529f\u8017\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u95f4\u63a5\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa CPU \u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u6cc4\u9732\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u673a\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u5bf9\u4e8e\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\uff08denial of service, DoS\uff09\u653b\u51fb\u4e5f\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u590d\u5524\u9192\u4e00\u53f0\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u635f\u8017\u5176\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u76ee\u7684[8]\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u56fe1 \u9488\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u56e0\u4ee5\u4e0a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u6790\u548c\u52a0\u56fa\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf PC \u8bbe\u5907\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u4e1a\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u4e1a\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u666e\u904d\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5360\u6709\u7387\u7a33\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u9010\u6b65\u6210\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a 4 \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9488\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u6613\u53d7\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b80\u8981\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5a01\u80c1\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7b80\u8981\u9610\u8ff0\u76ee\u524d\u4e1a\u754c\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5bf9\u5168\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a 3 \u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f[4]\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
\u56fe2 \u7269\u8054\u7f51\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n
1. \u611f\u77e5\u5c42\uff08perception layer\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5982\u5c04\u9891\u8bc6\u522b\uff08RFID\uff0cradio frequency identification\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08GPS\uff0cglobal positioning system\uff09\u7b49\uff1b<\/p>\n
2. \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff08transportation layer\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff08Internet\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u84dd\u7259\u7f51\u5173\u7b49\uff1b<\/p>\n
3. \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff08application layer\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b9e\u73b0\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u626b\u5730\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5bfb\u8def\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u97f3\u7bb1\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd93\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u8be6\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u611f\u77e5\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u611f\u77e5\u5c42\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5a01\u80c1\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u7269\u7406\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u89e6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u53d6\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u6076\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u9632\u8303\uff1b\u4f46\u8bbe\u5907\u5382\u5546\u4e5f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8bbe\u5907\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9700\u8981\u907f\u514d\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7535\u8def\u677f\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u8c03\u8bd5\u63a5\u53e3\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8eab\u4efd\u4f2a\u88c5\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u8eab\u4efd\u5192\u5145\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6076\u610f\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7a83\u53d6\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u914d\u5bf9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u540d\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9996\u6b21\u5f00\u673a\u3001\u5c1a\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u5411\u5176\u4e2d\u6ce8\u5165\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u6b64\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u5382\u5546\u5e94\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u8651\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5165\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb\uff08DoS\uff09\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4f7f\u8bbe\u5907\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u529f\u8017\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6765\u8017\u7aed\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u9632\u8303\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u8bbe\u5907\u5382\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5931\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u91cf\u7b97\u529b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u52a0\u5165\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u9650\u5236\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u5305\uff0c\u6216\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\uff08MitM, man in the middle\uff09\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u901a\u7528\u9632\u8303\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6821\u9a8c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982 Wi-Fi \u4e2d\u7684 WPA\uff08Wi-Fi Protected Access\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca LTE\uff08Long Term Evolution\uff09\u4e2d\u7684 EEA\uff08EPS Encryption Algorithm\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d EPS = Evolved Packet System\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6b64\u5c42\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\uff08\u5982 Wi-Fi\uff0c5G\uff09\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709 2 \u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9632\u8303\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u611f\u77e5\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6b64\u5c42\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf PC \u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u758f\u6f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u6b64\u7c7b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n
\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb\uff1a\u4e0e\u611f\u77e5\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u4e2d\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u8bbe\u5907\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6267\u884c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u6240\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u9632\u8303\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u9632\u8303\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u7cca\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08fuzzing\uff09\u3001\u91c7\u7528 ASLR \u7b49\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa\u63aa\u65bd\u7b49[5]\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u9632\u8303\u6b64\u7c7b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u8bbe\u5907\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf PC \u8bbe\u5907\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8bbe\u5907\u529f\u80fd\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u7279\u5f02\u5316\u800c\u975e\u901a\u7528\u5316\uff1b\u786c\u4ef6\u6210\u672c\u53d7\u5230\u8f83\u5927\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u677f\u4e0a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff1b\u8bbe\u5907\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u6c60\u4f9b\u7535\uff0c\u529f\u7387\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u8bbe\u5907\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u8f83\u4e3a\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff1b\u8bbe\u5907\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8054\u7f51\u7b49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u548c\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u90fd\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf PC \u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63cf\u8ff0\u76ee\u524d\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u4e1a\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7279\u6027[8]\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u65e0\u7ebf\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u201c\u521a\u9700\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cPC \u7b49\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982 AES\uff08advanced encryption standard\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u52a0\u5bc6\u6807\u51c6\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u7b97\u529b\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cAES \u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u6bcf\u52a0\u5bc6 16 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c 10 \u5230 14 \u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7 AES \u7b97\u6cd5\u52a0\u5bc6\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u80fd\u8017\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5212\u7b97\u7684\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08ISO\uff0cInternational Organization for Standardization\uff09\u6240\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u5757\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5 PRESENT [3]\u548c CLEIFA[9]\u3002<\/p>\n
\u786c\u4ef6\u6307\u7eb9\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff08deterministic\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u5374\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6210\u54c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6307\u7eb9\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u201c\u7269\u7406\u6307\u7eb9\u201d\u8bb0\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570f\uff0c\u5219f\u5177\u6709\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u514b\u9686\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u4e0d\u53ef\u514b\u9686\u51fd\u6570\uff08physically unclonable function, PUF\uff09\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0 PUF \u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Arbiter PUF \u7535\u8def[6]\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u591a\u6761\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u5f53\u6bcf\u6b21\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u7535\u8def\u5c06\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\u4e2d\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u968f\u7740\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e5f\u9010\u6b65\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u5382\u5546\u548c\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u5382\u5546\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u6709\u7740\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\uff08Amazon Web Services\uff0cAWS\uff09\u6240\u5236\u8ba2\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u767d\u76ae\u4e66[2]\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u80cc\u540e\u7684 IT \u73af\u5883\u914d\u5907\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u63a7\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u63a7\u4e0d\u671f\u800c\u81f3\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u548c IT \u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u6d4b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u653b\u51fb\u9020\u6210\u96be\u4ee5\u633d\u56de\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u968f\u7740\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u9488\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u767d\u76ae\u4e66[2]\u3002\u800c\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6b63\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6295\u5165\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9488\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf PC \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u96be\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9488\u5bf9\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4ecd\u9700\u957f\u671f\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0e PC \u540c\u6837\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6c34\u5e73\u662f\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u5c06\u4e0e PC \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u5168\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n
[1] Unit 42. 2020 Unit 42 IoT threat report, 2020.<\/p>\n
[2] Amazon Web Services. Securing Internet of Things (IoT) with AWS, 2021.<\/p>\n
[3] Soma Bandyopadhyay, Munmun Sengupta, Souvik Maiti, and Subhajit Dutta. A survey of middleware for internet of things. In Abdulkadir \u00d6zcan, Jan Zizka, and Dhinaharan Nagamalai, editors, Recent Trends in Wireless and Mobile Networks, pages 288\u2013296, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.<\/p>\n
[4] Mario Frustaci, Pasquale Pace, Gianluca Aloi, and Giancarlo Fortino. Evaluating critical security issues of the iot world: Present and future challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5(4):2483\u20132495, 2018.<\/p>\n
[5] Octavio Gianatiempo and Octavio Galland. Exploring the hidden attack surface of OEM IoT devices: pwning thousands of routers with a vulnerability in Realtek\u2019 s SDK for eCos OS. DEFCON, 30, 2022.<\/p>\n
[6] Roel Maes. Physically Unclonable Functions: Constructions, Properties and Applications. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2013.<\/p>\n
[7] Kalikinkar Mandal, Xinxin Fan, and Guang Gong. Design and implementation of warbler family of lightweight pseudorandom number generators for smart devices. ACM Trans.Embed. Comput. Syst., 15(1), feb 2016.<\/p>\n
[8] Francesca Meneghello, Matteo Calore, Daniel Zucchetto, Michele Polese, and Andrea Zanella. Iot: Internet of threats? a survey of practical security vulnerabilities in real iot devices. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(5):8182\u20138201, 2019.<\/p>\n
[9] Rolf Weber. Internet of things \u2013new security and privacy challenges. Computer Law & Security Review, 26:23\u201330, 01 2010.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1\u7eea \u8bba \u5f53\u4eca\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u201d\uff08Internet of Things, IoT\uff09\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u5d4c\u5165 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":253574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[202645],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-253573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-202645"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=253573"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253573\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/253574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=253573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=253573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=253573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}