{"id":224356,"date":"2022-04-13T02:04:05","date_gmt":"2022-04-12T18:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/224356\/"},"modified":"2022-04-13T02:04:05","modified_gmt":"2022-04-12T18:04:05","slug":"%e5%88%86%e5%b8%83%e5%bc%8f%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e4%b9%8b%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/224356\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898<\/h1>\n<p><span>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u963fsir <\/span> 2021-12-14 08:19:59<br \/>\n<i><\/i><br \/>\n<span>\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><br \/>\n<i><\/i><br \/>\n<span>\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f<\/span><br \/>\n<i><\/i><br \/>\n<span>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f<\/span> \u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5f00\u53d1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5728\u5355\u673a\u4e0a\u5f00\u53d1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5355\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u65f6\u949f\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u300c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u963fsir\u300d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u963fsir\u3002\u8f6c\u8f7d\u672c\u6587\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u963fsir\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5f00\u53d1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5728\u5355\u673a\u4e0a\u5f00\u53d1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5355\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u65f6\u949f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u6784\u5efa\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97 (High Performance Computing, HPC)\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a (\u8d85\u7b97, Supercomputers)\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u51e0\u5343\u4e2aCPU\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5f88\u5f3a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5668\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5b9e\u65f6\u9884\u6d4b\u5929\u6c14\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97 (Cloud Computing)\uff1a\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\u5f88\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4e5f\u7531\u591a\u53f0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7ec4\u6210\u96c6\u7fa4\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bb8\u591a\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5e94\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7ebf\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5b95\u673a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u79bb\u7ebf\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u548cRDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) \u6765\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u800c\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5f88\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u7528\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u7ecf\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8eIP\u548c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u901f\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u800c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a\u8d85\u7b97\u901a\u4fe1\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d8a\u5927\u3001\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u5f53\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u9519\u8bef\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u901a\u8fc7\u662f\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u800c\u8d85\u7b97\u901a\u5e38\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5229\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u9519\u8bef (Fault-Tolerance)\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef (Faults)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9636\u6bb5\u5c31\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u591a\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u7f3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u6000\u7591\u3001\u60b2\u89c2\u3001\u6267\u7740\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u62a5\u3002(In distributed systems, suspicion, pessimism, and paranoia pay off.)<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>1. \u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1. \u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<p>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7f51\u7edc (Unreliable Networks)\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u95f4\u6216\u8005\u516c\u5171\u7f51\u7edc\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u5305\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc (Asynchronous Packet Networks)\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u5230\u3001\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u80fd\u5230\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u4f60\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u51e0\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u4e22\u4e86\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u7ebf\u6ca1\u63d2\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u6392\u961f\uff0c\u7b49\u7740\u88ab\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8fc7\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668crash\u4e86\u6216\u8005\u5173\u673a\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u6682\u505c\u670d\u52a1 (Garbage Collection Pause)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u53d1\u4e22\u4e86\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53c8\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u7b49\u7740\u88ab\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u673a\u5668\u8fc7\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u56de\u590d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u5305\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684response\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2aresponse\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6536\u5230\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u91cc\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9664\u975eservice\u8bb0\u4e86log\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4 (Timeout)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88abservice\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6b7b\u9501\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.2. \u68c0\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668 (Load Balancer)\uff0cSingle-Leader\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8282\u70b9\u673a\u5668\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u76d1\u542c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3 (\u6bd4\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0bcrash\u4e86)\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u62d2\u7eddTCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de RST \u6216 FIN\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8282\u70b9\u8fdb\u7a0bcrash\u4e86\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4ecd\u7136\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u96c6\u7fa4\u53ef\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u7acb\u523b\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ea4\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 HBase\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6743\u9650\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u786c\u4ef6\u5c42\u9762\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679cIP\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd4\u56deICMP \u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe (ICMP Destination Unreachable) \u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1 TCP \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u900f\u660e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u8fd8\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u8bd5 (Retry)\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u76f4\u5230\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.3. \u8d85\u65f6 (Timeout)\u65f6\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<p>\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u4e86\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u591a\u7b49\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u77ed\u4e86\u7684\u8bdd\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5224\u65ad\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u5835\u585e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9bload balancer\u662f\u901a\u8fc7timeout\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bef\u5224\u4e86\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u6027\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u662f\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u662f \uff0c\u5219timeout\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u9650\u7684 (Unbounded Delays)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7f51\u7edc\u5c3d\u529b\u6700\u5feb\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u9650\u6162\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed9\u51fa\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.4. \u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u548c\u6392\u961f (Network Congestion and queueing)<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u6c7d\u8f66\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8f66\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u6392\u961f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6392\u961f (queueing)\u3002\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6392\u961f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u5f80\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u53d1\u9001\u5305\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u6392\u597d\u961f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u53d1\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u94fe\u8def\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u94fe\u8def\u4e2d\u6392\u961f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6392\u961f\u7684\u5305\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u540e\u9762\u53d1\u9001\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\u5305\u90fd\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u4f20\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u7684CPU\u90fd\u5728\u5fd9\u7740\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6392\u961f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u957f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f53\u524d\u83b7\u53d6CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236 (Flow Control, Congestion Avoidance or backpressure)\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u673a\u5668\u9020\u6210\u8fc7\u8f7d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5305\u8fdb\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5305\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6392\u961f\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u7aef\u53e31\uff0c2\uff0c4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53d1\u9001\u5305\u7ed9\u7aef\u53e33<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5f53TCP\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230ACK\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u91cd\u4f20\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f88\u5feb\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u7136\u540e\u6e05\u7a7a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5feb\u8fbe\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u9650\u65f6\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u5c06\u5f88\u5feb\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u6392\u961f\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u5835\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u522b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u5835\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.5. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4f5c\u51fa\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u3001\u6392\u961f\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u4e0a\u9650\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u503c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65f6\u949f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7eed)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[1] Kleppmann, Martin. Designing data-intensive applications: The big ideas behind reliable, scalable, and maintainable systems. \" O'Reilly Media, Inc.\", 2017.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898 \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u963fsir 2021-12-14 08:19:59 \u7f51\u7edc \u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f \u5206\u5e03 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":224357,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-224356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cloud-phone"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/224356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=224356"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/224356\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/224357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=224356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=224356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=224356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}