{"id":211620,"date":"2023-12-22T11:00:28","date_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/211620\/"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:00:28","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:00:28","slug":"linux-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%90%af%e5%8a%a8%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/211620\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u542f\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><title id=\"linux-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%90%af%e5%8a%a8%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae-MZXjHCPHei\">Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u542f\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/title><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"linux-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%90%af%e5%8a%a8%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae-MZXjHCPHei\">Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u542f\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"%e5%bc%95%e8%a8%80-MZXjHCPHei\">\u5f15\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002Linux \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u542f\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"grub-%e5%bc%95%e5%af%bc%e5%8a%a0%e8%bd%bd%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f%e5%af%86%e7%a0%81%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4-MZXjHCPHei\">GRUB \u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bc6\u7801\u4fdd\u62a4<\/h2>\n<p>GRUB\uff08GRand Unified Bootloader\uff09\u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u542f\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e GRUB \u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bc6\u7801\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e GRUB \u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/grub.d\/40_custom \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/li>\n<pre><code>set superusers=\"admin\"\npassword_pbkdf2 admin grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.[password]<\/code><\/pre>\n<li>\u5c06 [password] \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u7684 PBKDF2 \u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u66f4\u65b0 GRUB \u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/li>\n<pre><code>sudo update-grub<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%a6%81%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%8d%e5%bf%85%e8%a6%81%e7%9a%84%e5%90%af%e5%8a%a8%e9%a1%b9-MZXjHCPHei\">\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u9879<\/h2>\n<p>Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u52a8\u8bb8\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>systemctl list-unit-files --type=service<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo systemctl disable [service]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c06 [service] \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8981\u7981\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e9%98%b2%e7%81%ab%e5%a2%99%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8-MZXjHCPHei\">\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n<p>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002Linux \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5982 iptables \u548c firewalld\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 iptables \u8bbe\u7f6e\u57fa\u672c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROP\nsudo iptables-save | sudo tee \/etc\/iptables\/rules.v4<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8 SSH\uff08\u7aef\u53e3 22\uff09\u3001HTTP\uff08\u7aef\u53e3 80\uff09\u548c HTTPS\uff08\u7aef\u53e3 443\uff09\u6d41\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5e76\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-selinux-%e5%a2%9e%e5%bc%ba%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%80%a7-MZXjHCPHei\">\u4f7f\u7528 SELinux \u589e\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/h2>\n<p>SELinux\uff08Security-Enhanced Linux\uff09\u662f Linux \u5185\u6838\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08MAC\uff09\u673a\u5236\u9650\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u542f\u7528 SELinux\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/selinux\/config \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06 SELINUX \u7684\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a enforcing\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>SELINUX=enforcing<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee5\u4f7f\u66f4\u6539\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93-MZXjHCPHei\">\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e GRUB \u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bc6\u7801\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u9879\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u542f\u7528 SELinux\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6280\u5de7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"%e9%a6%99%e6%b8%af%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e9%a6%96%e9%80%89%e5%90%8e%e6%b5%aa%e4%ba%91-MZXjHCPHei\">\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9996\u9009\u540e\u6d6a\u4e91<\/h3>\n<p>\u540e\u6d6a\u4e91\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\uff0c\u8bf7\u8003\u8651\u540e\u6d6a\u4e91\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95ee<a href=\"https:\/\/idc.net\">\u540e\u6d6a\u4e91\u5b98\u7f51<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u542f\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u542f\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e \u5f15\u8a00 \u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u6570\u5b57\u5316 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-211620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-centos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/211620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=211620"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/211620\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=211620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=211620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=211620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}