{"id":177097,"date":"2023-08-03T02:34:17","date_gmt":"2023-08-02T18:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/177097\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T02:34:17","modified_gmt":"2023-08-02T18:34:17","slug":"%e5%90%8e%e6%b5%aa%e4%ba%91python%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9apython%e5%92%8c%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e9%82%a3%e4%ba%9b%e4%ba%8b%e5%84%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/177097\/","title":{"rendered":"\u540e\u6d6a\u4e91Python\u6559\u7a0b\uff1aPython\u548c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u513f"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u8bf4\u76ee\u524d\u51e0\u4e2a\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f(\u5168\u7a0b Python 3)\u3002<\/p>\n

Mock<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mock\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\u5440\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u77e5\u7684\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u7528 Mock \u6765\u4ee3 \u66ff\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u50cf\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7684MongoDB\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7279\u522b\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc \u628a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684collection\u66ff\u6362\u6389\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u7b49\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n

import logging\nfrom unittest.mock import Mock\nlogging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)\n#  code\nclass ASpecificException(Exception):\n    pass\ndef foo():\n    pass\ndef bar():\n    try:\n        logging.info(\"enter function <foo> now\")\n        foo()\n    except ASpecificException:\n        logging.exception(\"we caught a specific exception\")\n#  unittest\ndef test_foo():\n    foo = Mock(side_effect=ASpecificException())  # noqa\n    logging.info(\"enter function <bar> now\")\n    bar()\n    logging.info(\"everything just be fine\")\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    test_foo()<\/pre>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e0b<\/p>\n
root@arch tests: python test_demo.py\nINFO:root:enter function <bar> now\nINFO:root:enter function <foo> now\nINFO:root:everything just be fine<\/pre>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u6765\uff0c\u8ddf\u6211\u5ff5\uff0cMock \u5927\u6cd5\u597d\u5440\uff01<\/p>\n
doctest<\/strong><\/p>\n
doctest\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5199\u5728 docstring \u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5f53\u6587\u6863 \u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u662f\u597d\u7528\u4e4b\u6781\u554a\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u592a\u590d\u6742\uff0cdoctest\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u592a\u81c3\u80bf\u4e86\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \u5982\u679c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u5806\u4e1c\u897f\uff09\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
import logging\nlogging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)\ndef foo():\n    \"\"\"A utility function that returns True\n    >>> foo()\n    True\n    \"\"\"\n    return True\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    import doctest\n    logging.debug(\"start of test...\")\n    doctest.testmod()\n    logging.debug(\"end of test...\")<\/pre>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
root@arch tests: python test_demo.py\nDEBUG:root:start of test...\nDEBUG:root:end of test...<\/pre>\n
unittest<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u70b9\u957f\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u8fd8\u662f\u4ed4\u7ec6\u53bb\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e0b\u6587\u6863\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n
import unittest\nclass TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):\n    def setUp(self):\n        self.alist = []\n    def tearDown(self):\n        print(self.alist)\n    def test_list(self):\n        for i in range(5):\n            self.alist.append(i)\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    unittest.main()<\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
root@arch tests: python test_demo.py\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n.\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\nRan 1 test in 0.001s<\/pre>\n
OK<\/p>\n
unittest\u6846\u67b6\u914d\u5408\u4e0aMock\uff0c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u57fa\u672c\u65e0\u5fe7\u5566\u3002<\/p>\n
pytest<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136 \u540e\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7 pytest \u5bf9unittest\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n
pytest\u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301\u7684\u662f \u51fd\u6570 \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u561b\uff08\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019 \u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff09\u3002\u8d70\u8fdb\u9879\u76ee\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 pytest \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5566\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0 test_ \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d test_ \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c unittest \u7684 test_ \u5f00\u5934\u7684 \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
root@arch tests: pytest\n============================================= test session starts ==============================================\nplatform linux -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-3.0.5, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.4.0\nrootdir: \/root\/tests, inifile:\ncollected 1 items\ntest_afunc.py .\n====================================1 passed in 0.03 seconds =======================================================\nroot@arch tests:<\/pre>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6ca1\u7ed9python\u505a\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u9760\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86 \ud83d\ude41<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\u5176\u5b9e pytest \u548c unittest \u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 fixture\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 skip \u6389\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u8bf4\u76ee\u524d\u51e0\u4e2a\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f(\u5168\u7a0b Python 3)\u3002 Mock Mock\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\u5440\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":177098,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182397],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-177097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=177097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177097\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/177098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=177097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=177097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=177097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}