{"id":168620,"date":"2022-04-16T16:36:22","date_gmt":"2022-04-16T08:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/168620\/"},"modified":"2022-04-16T16:36:22","modified_gmt":"2022-04-16T08:36:22","slug":"%e5%90%8e%e6%b5%aa%e4%ba%91python%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e7%9c%8b%e5%b0%b1%e6%87%82%e7%9a%84python%e8%be%93%e5%85%a5%e5%92%8c%e8%be%93%e5%87%ba%e3%80%81%e6%a0%bc%e5%bc%8f%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/168620\/","title":{"rendered":"\u540e\u6d6a\u4e91Python\u6559\u7a0b\uff1a\u4e00\u770b\u5c31\u61c2\u7684Python\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4f9b\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bed\u53e5\u4ee5\u53ca print() \u51fd\u6570\u3002\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 write() \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003 sys.stdout \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u67e5\u9605\u5e93\u53c2\u8003\u624b\u518c\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6253\u5370\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u60f3\u8981\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 f-strings \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bb0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ee5 f \u6216\u8005 F \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 { \u548c } \u5305\u88f9\u60f3\u8981\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684 Python \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u8be5\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5b57\u9762\u503c \u3002<\/p>\n

>>> year = 2016 ; event = 'Referendum'\n>>> f'Results of the {year} {event}'\n'Results of the 2016 Referendum'<\/pre>\n
str.format() \u662f\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f60\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 { \u548c } \u6765\u5185\u5d4c\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u88ab\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5207\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u4f55\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728 string \u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6309\u6307\u5b9a\u5217\u5bbd\u586b\u5145\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ec5\u4ec5\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 repr() \u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8005 str() \u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u503c\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
str() \u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u503c\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u800c repr() \u51fd\u6570\u5219\u662f\u5c06\u503c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f SyntaxError \u5f02\u5e38\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219 str() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e0e repr() \u51fd\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6570\u503c\u3001\u6216\u8005\u662f\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u51fd\u6570\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u51fd\u6570\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
>>> s = 'Hello, world.'\n>>> str(s)\n'Hello, world.'\n>>> repr(s)\n\"'Hello, world.'\"\n>>> str(1\/7)\n'0.14285714285714285'\n>>> x = 10 * 3.25\n>>> y = 200 * 200\n>>> s = 'The value of x is ' + repr(x) + ', and y is ' + repr(y) + '...'\n>>> print(s)\nThe value of x is 32.5, and y is 40000...\n>>> # \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0crepr() \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u659c\u6760\uff1a\n... hello = 'hello, world\\n'\n>>> hellos = repr(hello)\n>>> print(hellos)\n'hello, world\\n'\n>>> # repr() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a Python \u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\n... repr((x, y, ('spam', 'eggs')))\n\"(32.5, 40000, ('spam', 'eggs'))\"<\/pre>\n
string \u6a21\u5757\u5305\u542b Template \u7c7b\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 $x \u6765\u5185\u5d4c\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u8f83\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n
 \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6587\u5b57<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6587\u5b57 \uff08\u7b80\u79f0 f-strings \uff09\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b Python \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a f \u6216\u8005 F \uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5199\u6210 {expression} \u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4e0a\u683c\u5f0f\u8bf4\u660e\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u503c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c06 PI \u820d\u5165\u5230\u5c0f\u6570\u4f4d\u6570\u540e\u4e09\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n
>>> import math\n>>> print(f'The value of pi is approximately {math.pi:.3f}.')<\/pre>\n
\u5728 ':' \u4e4b\u540e\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5217\u6392\u5e8f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
>>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 7678}\n>>> for name, phone in table.items():\n...     print(f'{name:10} ==> {phone:10d}')\n...\nSjoerd     ==>       4127\nJack       ==>       4098\nDcab       ==>       7678<\/pre>\n
\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u6765\u8f6c\u6362\u8981\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u503c\u3002 '!a' \u8868\u793a\u5e94\u7528 ascii()\u51fd\u6570 \uff0c '!s' \u8868\u793a\u5e94\u7528 str() \u51fd\u6570\uff0c \u53e6\u5916 '!r' \u8868\u793a\u5e94\u7528 repr() \u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
>>> animals = 'eels'\n>>> print(f'My hovercraft is full of {animals}.')\nMy hovercraft is full of eels.\n>>> print('My hovercraft is full of {animals !r}.')\nMy hovercraft is full of 'eels'.<\/pre>\n
\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e9b\u683c\u5f0f\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u53c2\u8003\u6307\u5357 \u6700\u5c0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
format () \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n
str.format() \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
>>> print('We are the {} who say \"{}!\"'.format('knights', 'Ni'))\nWe are the knights who say \"Ni!\"<\/pre>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u62ec\u53f7\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\u5c06\u7528\u4f20\u5165 str.format() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 str.format() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
>>> print('{0} and {1}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))\nspam and eggs\n>>> print('{1} and {0}'.format('spam', 'eggs'))\neggs and spam<\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5728 str.format() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u79f0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
>>> print('This {food} is {adjective}.'.format(\n...       food='spam', adjective='absolutely horrible'))\nThis spam is absolutely horrible.<\/pre>\n
\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a<\/p>\n
>>> print('The story of {0}, {1}, and {other}.'.format('Bill', 'Manfred',\n                                     other='Georg'))\nThe story of Bill, Manfred, and Georg.<\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u60f3\u62c6\u5206\u7684\u957f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 '[]'\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u952e<\/p>\n
>>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}\n>>> print('Jack: {0[Jack]:d}; Sjoerd: {0[Sjoerd]:d}; '\n...       'Dcab: {0[Dcab]:d}'.format(table))\nJack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678<\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 '**' \u5c06\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n
>>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}\n>>> print('Jack: {Jack:d}; Sjoerd: {Sjoerd:d}; Dcab: {Dcab:d}'.format(**table))\nJack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678<\/pre>\n
\u4f20\u7edf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 '%' \u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5de6\u4fa7\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a'sprintf ()' \u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53f3\u4fa7\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
>>> import math\n>>> print('The value of pi is approximately %5.3f.' % math.pi)\nThe value of pi is approximately 3.142.<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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