{"id":167690,"date":"2023-08-03T21:33:27","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T13:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/167690\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T21:33:27","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T13:33:27","slug":"%e5%90%8e%e6%b5%aa%e4%ba%91python%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9aimportlib-import-%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/167690\/","title":{"rendered":"\u540e\u6d6a\u4e91Python\u6559\u7a0b\uff1aimportlib \u2014- import \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0"},"content":{"rendered":"

importlib<\/code> \u2014- import<\/code> \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h1>\n

3.1 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n

\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong> Lib\/importlib\/__init__.py<\/p>\n

\n

\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n

The purpose of the importlib package is three-fold.<\/p>\n

One is to provide the implementation of the import statement (and thus, by extension, the __import__() function) in Python source code. This provides an implementation of import<\/code> which is portable to any Python interpreter. This also provides an implementation which is easier to comprehend than one implemented in a programming language other than Python.<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0 import \u7684\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u516c\u5f00\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u521b\u5efa\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61 (\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a importer) \u6765\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u5bfc\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

Three, the package contains modules exposing additional functionality for managing aspects of Python packages:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    importlib.metadata presents access to metadata from third-party distributions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    importlib.resources provides routines for accessing non-code \u201cresources\u201d from Python packages.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u53c2\u89c1<\/p>\n

    import \u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n

    import \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53c2\u8003<\/p>\n

    \u5305\u89c4\u683c\u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n

    \u5305\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u7f16\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u57fa\u4e8e sys.modules \u4e2d None<\/code> \u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    __import__() \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

    import \u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\u3002<\/p>\n

    The initialization of the sys.path module search path<\/p>\n

    The initialization of sys.path.<\/p>\n

    PEP 235<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5bfc\u5165<\/p>\n

    PEP 263<\/p>\n

    \u5b9a\u4e49 Python \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n

    PEP 302<\/p>\n

    \u65b0\u5bfc\u5165\u94a9\u5b50<\/p>\n

    PEP 328<\/p>\n

    \u5bfc\u5165\uff1a\u591a\u884c\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\/\u76f8\u5bf9<\/p>\n

    PEP 366<\/p>\n

    \u4e3b\u6a21\u5757\u663e\u5f0f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bfc\u5165<\/p>\n

    PEP 420<\/p>\n

    \u9690\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5305<\/p>\n

    PEP 451<\/p>\n

    \u5bfc\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u89c4\u8303\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

    PEP 488<\/p>\n

    \u6d88\u9664PYO\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

    PEP 489<\/p>\n

    \u591a\u9636\u6bb5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n

    PEP 552<\/p>\n

    \u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684 pyc \u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

    PEP 3120<\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6e90\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n

    PEP 3147<\/p>\n

    PYC \u4ed3\u5e93\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

    \u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n

    importlib.__import__(name<\/em>, globals=None<\/em>, locals=None<\/em>, fromlist=()<\/em>, level=0<\/em>)<\/p>\n

    \u5185\u7f6e __import__() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5907\u6ce8<\/p>\n

    \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f0f\u5730\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528 import_module() \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

    importlib.import_module(name<\/em>, package=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n

    \u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u3002 \u53c2\u6570 name<\/em> \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee5\u7edd\u5bf9\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bfc\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bfc\u5165\u4ec0\u4e48\u6a21\u5757 (\u6bd4\u5982\u8981\u4e48\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837 pkg.mod<\/code> \u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u6837 ..mod<\/code>)\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570 name \u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 package<\/em> \u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u5305\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u6790\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u540d\u7684\u951a\u70b9 (\u6bd4\u5982 import_module('..mod', 'pkg.subpkg')<\/code> \u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u5165 pkg.mod<\/code>)\u3002<\/p>\n

    import_module() \u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9 importlib.__import__() \u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002 \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u4e49\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e importlib.__import__()\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e import_module() \u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5305\u6216\u6a21\u5757 (\u4f8b\u5982 pkg.mod<\/code>)\uff0c\u800c __import__() \u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u5305\u6216\u6a21\u5757 (\u4f8b\u5982 pkg<\/code>)\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5982\u679c\u52a8\u6001\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u5373\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a Python \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5bfc\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528 invalidate_caches()\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5728 3.3 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u7236\u5305\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5bfc\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

    importlib.find_loader(name<\/em>, path=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n

    \u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 path<\/em> \u91cc\u9762\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5728 sys.modules\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd4\u56de sys.modules[name].__loader__<\/code> (\u9664\u975e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u662f None<\/code> \u6216\u8005\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c \u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77 ValueError \u5f02\u5e38\uff09\u3002 \u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528 sys.meta_path \u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u641c\u7d22\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u70b9\u72b6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u7236\u5305\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u9690\u5f0f\u5730\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7236\u5305\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9 path<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n

    3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n

    \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e __loader__<\/code>\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77 ValueError \u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a None<\/code> \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

    3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u4f7f\u7528 importlib.util.find_spec() \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n

    importlib.invalidate_caches()<\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 sys.meta_path \u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7f13\u5b58\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 invalidate_caches()<\/code>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u6765\u6267\u884c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65e0\u6548\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u521b\u5efa\/\u5b89\u88c5\u4efb\u4f55\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u65b0\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u8be5\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

    3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n

    \u5728 3.10 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: Namespace packages created\/installed in a different sys.path location after the same namespace was already imported are noticed.<\/p>\n

    importlib.reload(module<\/em>)<\/p>\n

    \u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e4b\u524d\u5bfc\u5165\u7684 module<\/em>\u3002 \u90a3\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86\u3002 \u8fd9\u5728\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u7f16\u8f91\u8fc7\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e14\u60f3\u5728\u9000\u51fa Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c06\u5f88\u9002\u7528\u3002 \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u65b0\u5bfc\u5165\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u653e\u7f6e\u5728 sys.modules \u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u6267\u884c reload() \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      Python \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u4e14\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7ea7\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u8f7d\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684 loader\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u7684``init``\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u4e0ePython\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u65e7\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e3a0\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u6a21\u5757\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u6216\u66f4\u6539\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5176\u4ed6\u65e7\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u6709\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff08\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5168\u533a\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u65e7\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6a21\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4fdd\u7559\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u8868\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f13\u5b58 \u2014\u2014 \u4f7f\u7528 try \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd:<\/p>\n

      \n \n \n \n 
        \n  \n  \n  \n  
      1. try<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
      2.  cache<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
      3. except<\/span> <\/span>NameError<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
      4.  cache <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>{}<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
        \u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6216\u8005\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u5904\u3002\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u201dsys\uff0c__main__\uff0cbuiltins \u548c\u5176\u5b83\u5173\u952e\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f53\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u65b9\u5f0f\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528 from \u2026 import \u2026 \u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u81ea\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7ed9\u5176\u5b83\u6a21\u5757\u8c03\u7528 reload() \u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u6765\u81ea\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014\u2014 \u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c from<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 import<\/code> \u548c\u9650\u5b9a\u540d\u79f0(module.name<\/em>)\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b9a\u4e49\u90a3\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u65e7\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b50\u7c7b\u6765\u8bf4\u540c\u6837\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
        3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
        \u5728 3.7 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5982\u679c\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7f3a\u5c11 ModuleSpec \uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 ModuleNotFoundError \u3002<\/p>\n
        importlib.abc \u2014\u2014 \u5173\u4e8e\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b<\/h2>\n
        \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/strong> Lib\/importlib\/abc.py<\/p>\n
        \n
        The importlib.abc module contains all of the core abstract base classes used by import. Some subclasses of the core abstract base classes are also provided to help in implementing the core ABCs.<\/p>\n
        ABC \u7c7b\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \n \n \n \n 
          \n  \n  \n  \n  
        1. object<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
        2.  <\/span>+--<\/span> <\/span>Finder<\/span> <\/span>(<\/span>deprecated<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
        3.  <\/span>+--<\/span> <\/span>MetaPathFinder<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
        4.  <\/span>+--<\/span> <\/span>PathEntryFinder<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
        5.  <\/span>+--<\/span> <\/span>Loader<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
        6.  <\/span>+--<\/span> <\/span>ResourceLoader<\/span> <\/span>--------+<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
        7.  <\/span>+--<\/span> <\/span>InspectLoader<\/span> <\/span>|<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
        8.  <\/span>+--<\/span> <\/span>ExecutionLoader<\/span> <\/span>--+<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
        9.  <\/span>+--<\/span> <\/span>FileLoader<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
        10.  <\/span>+--<\/span> <\/span>SourceLoader<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
          class<\/em> importlib.abc.Finder<\/p>\n
          \u4ee3\u8868 finder \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b<\/p>\n
          3.3 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u4f7f\u7528 MetaPathFinder \u6216 PathEntryFinder \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n
            \n
          • \n
            abstractmethod<\/em> find_module(fullname<\/em>, path=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n
            \u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u67e5\u627e loader \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u672c\u6765\u662f\u5728 PEP 302 \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728 sys.meta_path \u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5f53\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code> \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f15\u53d1 NotImplementedError\u3002<\/p>\n
            3.10 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u6539\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0 MetaPathFinder.find_spec() \u6216 PathEntryFinder.find_spec() \u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            class<\/em> importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder<\/p>\n
            \u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868 meta path finder \u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
            3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
            \u5728 3.10 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u4e0d\u518d\u662f Finder \u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
              \n
            • \n
              find_spec(fullname<\/em>, path<\/em>, target=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n
              \u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5757\u7684 spec \u3002\u82e5\u662f\u9876\u5c42\u5bfc\u5165\uff0cpath<\/em> \u5c06\u4e3a None<\/code>\u3002 \u5426\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u67e5\u627e\u5b50\u5305\u6216\u6a21\u5757\uff0cpath<\/em> \u5c06\u662f\u7236\u7ea7\u5305\u7684 __path__ \u503c\u3002\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5219\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\u3002\u4f20\u5165\u7684 target<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6709\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u7684 MetaPathFinders<\/code> \u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230 importlib.util.spec_from_loader() \u3002<\/p>\n
              3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              find_module(fullname<\/em>, path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
              \u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d loader \u7684\u9057\u7559\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\uff0cpath<\/em> \u7684\u503c\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f None<\/code>\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u627e\u5b50\u5305\u6216\u8005\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 path<\/em> \u7684\u503c\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u7236\u5305\u7684 __path__ \u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 find_spec() \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5f53\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code> \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f15\u53d1 NotImplementedError\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 find_spec() \u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
              3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u4f7f\u7528 find_spec() \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              invalidate_caches()<\/p>\n
              \u5f53\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u90e8\u7f13\u5b58\u8fdb\u884c\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u5c06\u5728 sys.meta_path \u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u8fdb\u884c\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u88ab importlib.invalidate_caches() \u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u662f None<\/code> \u800c\u4e0d\u662f NotImplemented<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              class<\/em> importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder<\/p>\n
              \u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868 path entry finder\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0e MetaPathFinder \u6709\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f46 PathEntryFinder \u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e importlib.machinery.PathFinder \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
              3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
              \u5728 3.10 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u4e0d\u518d\u662f Finder \u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
                \n
              • \n
                find_spec(fullname<\/em>, target=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                \u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5757\u7684 spec\u3002\u641c\u7d22\u5668\u5c06\u53ea\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 path entry \u5185\u641c\u7d22\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5219\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u7684 PathEntryFinders<\/code> \u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230 importlib.util.spec_from_loader() \u3002<\/p>\n
                3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                find_loader(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                \u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a loader \u7684\u9057\u7559\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a (loader, portion)<\/code> \u76842\u5143\u7ec4\uff0cportion<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d21\u732e\u7ed9\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5305\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002 \u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u662f None<\/code>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 portion<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8d21\u732e\u7ed9\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5305\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002portion<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u4e0d\u662f\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5305\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5982\u679c loader<\/code> \u662f None<\/code> \u5e76\u4e14 portion<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5305\u4e2d\u65e0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u67e5\u627e\u5230\uff08\u5373\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 find_spec() \uff0c\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u8fd4\u56de (None, [])<\/code> \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f15\u53d1 NotImplementedError\u3002 \u5f53\u53ef\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 find_spec()\u3002<\/p>\n
                3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u4f7f\u7528 find_spec() \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                find_module(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                Finder.find_module`\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e``self.find_loader(fullname)[0]`()<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
                3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u4f7f\u7528 find_spec() \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n
                invalidate_caches()<\/p>\n
                \u53ef\u9009\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u540e\u5e94\u8ba9\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548\u3002\u8981\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u65e0\u6548\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b importlib.machinery.PathFinder.invalidate_caches() \u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                class<\/em> importlib.abc.Loader<\/p>\n
                loader \u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002 \u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u67e5\u770b PEP 302\u3002<\/p>\n
                Loaders that wish to support resource reading should implement a get_resource_reader()<\/code> method as specified by importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.<\/p>\n
                \u5728 3.7 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: Introduced the optional get_resource_reader()<\/code> method.<\/p>\n
                  \n
                • \n
                  create_module(spec<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                  \u5f53\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u5c06\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code> \uff0c\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u7740\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u751f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u8bed\u4e49\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
                  3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                  \u5728 3.6 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: This method is no longer optional when exec_module() is defined.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  exec_module(module<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                  An abstract method that executes the module in its own namespace when a module is imported or reloaded. The module should already be initialized when exec_module() is called. When this method exists, create_module() must be defined.<\/p>\n
                  3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                  \u5728 3.6 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: create_module() must also be defined.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  load_module(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                  A legacy method for loading a module. If the module cannot be loaded, ImportError is raised, otherwise the loaded module is returned.<\/p>\n
                  If the requested module already exists in sys.modules, that module should be used and reloaded. Otherwise the loader should create a new module and insert it into sys.modules before any loading begins, to prevent recursion from the import. If the loader inserted a module and the load fails, it must be removed by the loader from sys.modules; modules already in sys.modules before the loader began execution should be left alone (see importlib.util.module_for_loader()).<\/p>\n
                  The loader should set several attributes on the module (note that some of these attributes can change when a module is reloaded):<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  • \n
                    __name__<\/p>\n
                    The module\u2019s fully qualified name. It is '__main__'<\/code> for an executed module.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \n \n \n \n 
                      \n  \n  \n  \n  
                    1. -<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>\\_\\_file\\_\\_<\/span>](<\/span>$4cd7c0b31904cd2f<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#file__ \"__file__\")<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    2. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    3.  <\/span>The<\/span> location the <\/span>[<\/span>loader<\/span>](<\/span>$8f6095f929cdb646<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#term-loader) used to load the module. For example, for modules loaded from a .py file this is the filename. It is not set on all modules (e.g. built-in modules).<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    4. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    5. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    6. -<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>\\_\\_cached\\_\\_<\/span>](<\/span>$4cd7c0b31904cd2f<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#cached__ \"__cached__\")<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    7. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    8.  <\/span>The<\/span> filename of a compiled version of the <\/span>module<\/span>'s code. It is not set on all modules (e.g. built-in modules).<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    9. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    10. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    11. - [\\_\\_path\\_\\_]($4cd7c0b31904cd2f.md#path__ \"__path__\")<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    12. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    13.  The list of locations where the package'<\/span>s submodules will be found<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>Most<\/span> of the time <\/span>this<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> a single directory<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>import<\/span> system passes <\/span>this<\/span> attribute to <\/span>`__import__()`<\/span> <\/span>and<\/span> to finders <\/span>in<\/span> the same way <\/span>as<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>sys<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>](<\/span>$54eedd4d1535df46<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#sys.path \"sys.path\") but just for the package. It is not set on non-package modules so it can be used as an indicator that the module is a package.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    14. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    15. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    16. -<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>\\_\\_<\/span>package<\/span>\\_\\_<\/span>](<\/span>$4cd7c0b31904cd2f<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#package__ \"__package__\")<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    17. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    18.  <\/span>The<\/span> fully qualified name of the <\/span>package<\/span> the <\/span>module<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>in<\/span> <\/span>(<\/span>or<\/span> the empty <\/span>string<\/span> <\/span>for<\/span> a top<\/span>-<\/span>level <\/span>module<\/span>).<\/span> <\/span>If<\/span> the <\/span>module<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> a <\/span>package<\/span> <\/span>then<\/span> <\/span>this<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> the same <\/span>as<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>\\_\\_name\\_\\_<\/span>](<\/span>$4cd7c0b31904cd2f<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#name__ \"__name__\").<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    19. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    20. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    21. -<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>\\_\\_loader\\_\\_<\/span>](<\/span>$4cd7c0b31904cd2f<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#loader__ \"__loader__\")<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    22. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    23.  <\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>loader<\/span>](<\/span>$8f6095f929cdb646<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#term-loader) used to load the module.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    24. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    25. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    26. \u5f53<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>exec<\/span>\\_<\/span>module<\/span>()](#<\/span>importlib<\/span>.<\/span>abc<\/span>.<\/span>Loader<\/span>.<\/span>exec_module <\/span>\"importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module\"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    27. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    28. \u5728<\/span> <\/span>3.4<\/span> <\/span>\u7248\u66f4\u6539:<\/span> <\/span>Raise<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>ImportError<\/span>](<\/span>$e69e6dad35dc3610<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#ImportError \"ImportError\") when called instead of [NotImplementedError]($e69e6dad35dc3610.md#NotImplementedError \"NotImplementedError\"). Functionality provided when [exec\\_module()](#importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module \"importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module\") is available.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    29. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                    30. 3.4<\/span> <\/span>\u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664:<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span> recommended API <\/span>for<\/span> loading a <\/span>module<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>exec<\/span>\\_<\/span>module<\/span>()](#<\/span>importlib<\/span>.<\/span>abc<\/span>.<\/span>Loader<\/span>.<\/span>exec_module <\/span>\"importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module\"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>(<\/span>and<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>create\\_<\/span>module<\/span>()](#<\/span>importlib<\/span>.<\/span>abc<\/span>.<\/span>Loader<\/span>.<\/span>create_module <\/span>\"importlib.abc.Loader.create_module\"<\/span>)).<\/span> <\/span>Loaders<\/span> should implement it instead of <\/span>[<\/span>load\\_<\/span>module<\/span>()](#<\/span>importlib<\/span>.<\/span>abc<\/span>.<\/span>Loader<\/span>.<\/span>load_module <\/span>\"importlib.abc.Loader.load_module\"<\/span>).<\/span> <\/span>The<\/span> <\/span>import<\/span> machinery takes care of all the other responsibilities of <\/span>[<\/span>load\\_<\/span>module<\/span>()](#<\/span>importlib<\/span>.<\/span>abc<\/span>.<\/span>Loader<\/span>.<\/span>load_module <\/span>\"importlib.abc.Loader.load_module\"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>when<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>exec<\/span>\\_<\/span>module<\/span>()](#<\/span>importlib<\/span>.<\/span>abc<\/span>.<\/span>Loader<\/span>.<\/span>exec_module <\/span>\"importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module\"<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> implemented<\/span>.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                        \n
                      • \n
                        module_repr(module<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                        A legacy method which when implemented calculates and returns the given module\u2019s representation, as a string. The module type\u2019s default __repr__()<\/code> will use the result of this method as appropriate.<\/p>\n
                        3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                        \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
                        3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u73b0\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u673a\u5236\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        class<\/em> importlib.abc.ResourceLoader<\/p>\n
                        \u4e00\u4e2a loader \u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684 PEP 302 \u534f\u8bae\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u540e\u7aef\u52a0\u8f7d\u4efb\u610f\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n
                        3.7 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: This ABC is deprecated in favour of supporting resource loading through importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.<\/p>\n
                          \n
                        • \n
                          abstractmethod<\/em> get_data(path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                          \u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u4f4d\u4e8e path<\/em> \u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5141\u8bb8\u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230 path<\/em>\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 OSError \u5f02\u5e38\u3002path<\/em> \u88ab\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684 __file<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u7684 __path__ \u6765\u6784\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n
                          \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5f15\u53d1 OSError \u5f02\u5e38\u800c\u4e0d\u662f NotImplementedError \u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          class<\/em> importlib.abc.InspectLoader<\/p>\n
                          \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u68c0\u67e5\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u9009\u7684 PEP 302 \u534f\u8bae\u7684 loader \u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \n
                          • \n
                            get_code(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                            \u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6216\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a None<\/code>\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5219\u5f15\u53d1 ImportError \u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5907\u6ce8<\/p>\n
                            \u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u4e0d\u518d\u62bd\u8c61\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                          • \n
                            abstractmethod<\/em> get_source(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                            \u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u6a21\u5757\u6e90\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 universal newlines \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u88ab\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u884c\u5206\u5272\u7b26\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210 '\\n'<\/code> \u5b57\u7b26\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6e90\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5219\u5f15\u53d1 ImportError \u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5f15\u53d1 ImportError \u800c\u4e0d\u662f NotImplementedError\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                          • \n
                            is_package(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                            \u53ef\u9009\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u5757\u4e3a\u5305\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de True\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de False\u3002 \u5982\u679c loader \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 ImportError\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5f15\u53d1 ImportError \u800c\u4e0d\u662f NotImplementedError\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                          • \n
                            static<\/em> source_to_code(data<\/em>, path=\u2019<string>\u2019<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                            \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81eaPython\u6e90\u7801\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u53c2\u6570 data<\/em> \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f compile() \u51fd\u6570\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\uff09\u3002 \u53c2\u6570 path<\/em> \u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a zip \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                            \u5728\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c``exec(code, module.__dict__)``\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
                            3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                            \u5728 3.5 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d8\u6210\u9759\u6001\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                          • \n
                            exec_module(module<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                            Loader.exec_module() \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
                            3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                          • \n
                            load_module(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                            Loader.load_module() \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
                            3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u4f7f\u7528 exec_module() \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            class<\/em> importlib.abc.ExecutionLoader<\/p>\n
                            \u4e00\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea InspectLoader \u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0c\u5f53\u88ab\u5b9e\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4f5c\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u9009\u7684 PEP 302 \u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n
                              \n
                            • \n
                              abstractmethod<\/em> get_filename(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                              \u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5757\u8fd4\u56de __file__ \u7684\u503c\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u5f15\u53d1 ImportError\u3002<\/p>\n
                              \u5982\u679c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7528\u6765\u52a0\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
                              \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5f15\u53d1 ImportError \u800c\u4e0d\u662f NotImplementedError\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                              class<\/em> importlib.abc.FileLoader(fullname<\/em>, path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                              \u4e00\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea ResourceLoader \u548c ExecutionLoader\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b ResourceLoader.get_data() \u548c ExecutionLoader.get_filename() \u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
                              \u53c2\u6570 fullname<\/em> \u662f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u53c2\u6570 path<\/em> \u662f\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
                              3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                \n
                              • \n
                                name<\/p>\n
                                \u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                path<\/p>\n
                                \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                load_module(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                \u8c03\u7528super\u7684``load_module()``\u3002<\/p>\n
                                3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u4f7f\u7528 Loader.exec_module() \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                abstractmethod<\/em> get_filename(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                \u8fd4\u56de path\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                abstractmethod<\/em> get_data(path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                \u8bfb\u53d6 path<\/em> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd4\u56de\u6765\u81ea\u5b83\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                class<\/em> importlib.abc.SourceLoader<\/p>\n
                                \u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u548c\u53ef\u9009\u5730\u5b57\u8282\u7801\uff09\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea ResourceLoader \u548c ExecutionLoader\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                  \n
                                • ResourceLoader.get_data()<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                    \n
                                  • \n
                                    ExecutionLoader.get_filename()<\/p>\n
                                    \u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u65e0\u6e90\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                    \u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e0d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u6216\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b83\u4eec\u5f15\u53d1 NotImplementedError \u5f02\u5e38\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u80fd\u4e0e\u6e90 \u548c<\/em> \u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u7684 \u65e0\u6e90\u5f0f<\/em> \u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u79fb\u9664 Python \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u653e\u51fa\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u4e13\u7528\u7684 API\u3002<\/p>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \n
                                      path_stats(path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                      \u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5173\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7684 dict \u7684\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u652f\u6301\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u952e\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \n
                                        'mtime'<\/code> (\u5fc5\u9009\u9879): \u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u6e90\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\u6216\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                      • \n
                                        'size'<\/code> (\u53ef\u9009\u9879)\uff1a\u6e90\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                        \n \n \n \n 
                                          \n  \n  \n  \n  
                                        1. \u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u952e\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/span> <\/span>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>OSError<\/span>](<\/span>$e69e6dad35dc3610<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#OSError \"OSError\")\u3002<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                        2. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                        3. 3.3<\/span> <\/span>\u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                        4. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                        5. \u5728<\/span> <\/span>3.4<\/span> <\/span>\u7248\u66f4\u6539:<\/span> <\/span>\u5f15\u53d1<\/span> <\/span>[<\/span>OSError<\/span>](<\/span>$e69e6dad35dc3610<\/span>.<\/span>md<\/span>#OSError \"OSError\") \u800c\u4e0d\u662f [NotImplemented]($7b977d4506b0e99c.md#NotImplemented \"NotImplemented\")\u3002<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                                            \n
                                          • \n
                                            path_mtime(path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                            \u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            3.3 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u5728\u6709\u4e86 path_stats() \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u5f03\u7528\u4e86\u3002 \u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5219\u5f15\u53d1 OSError \u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5f15\u53d1 OSError \u800c\u4e0d\u662f NotImplemented\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                          • \n
                                            set_data(path<\/em>, data<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                            \u5f80\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            \u7531\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u5199\u5165\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\uff08errno.EACCES\/PermissionError\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f20\u64ad\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5f53\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5f15\u8d77 NotImplementedError \u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                          • \n
                                            get_code(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                            InspectLoader.get_code() \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                          • \n
                                            exec_module(module<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                            Loader.exec_module() \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                          • \n
                                            load_module(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                            Concrete implementation of Loader.load_module().<\/p>\n
                                            3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u4f7f\u7528 exec_module() \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                          • \n
                                            get_source(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                            InspectLoader.get_source() \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                          • \n
                                            is_package(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                            InspectLoader.is_package() \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff08\u7531 ExecutionLoader.get_filename() \u63d0\u4f9b\uff09\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u65f6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u4e3a __init__<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5``__init__``\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                            importlib.machinery \u2014\u2014 \u5bfc\u5165\u5668\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u94a9\u5b50\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/h2>\n
                                            \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/strong> Lib\/importlib\/machinery.py<\/p>\n
                                            \n
                                            \u672c\u6a21\u5757\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9 import \u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            importlib.machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES<\/p>\n
                                            \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6e90\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                            importlib.machinery.DEBUG_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES<\/p>\n
                                            \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u672a\u7ecf\u4f18\u5316\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                            3.5 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u6539\u7528 BYTECODE_SUFFIXES \u3002<\/p>\n
                                            importlib.machinery.OPTIMIZED_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES<\/p>\n
                                            \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5df2\u4f18\u5316\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                            3.5 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u6539\u7528 BYTECODE_SUFFIXES \u3002<\/p>\n
                                            importlib.machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES<\/p>\n
                                            \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\uff08\u5305\u542b\u524d\u5bfc\u7684\u53e5\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                            \u5728 3.5 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u8be5\u503c\u4e0d\u518d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e __debug__<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
                                            importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES<\/p>\n
                                            \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                            importlib.machinery.all_suffixes()<\/p>\n
                                            \u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6807\u51c6\u5bfc\u5165\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u52a9\u624b\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6307\u5411\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u6a21\u5757\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 inspect.getmodulename()\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                            class<\/em> importlib.machinery.BuiltinImporter<\/p>\n
                                            \u7528\u4e8e\u5bfc\u5165\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\u7684 importer\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u5df2\u5217\u5165 sys.builtin_module_names\u3002 \u6b64\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder \u548c importlib.abc.InspectLoader \u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            \u6b64\u7c7b\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            \u5728 3.5 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u4f5c\u4e3a PEP 489 \u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 Loader.create_module()<\/code> \u548c Loader.exec_module()<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            class<\/em> importlib.machinery.FrozenImporter<\/p>\n
                                            \u7528\u4e8e\u5df2\u51bb\u7ed3\u6a21\u5757\u7684 importer\u3002 \u6b64\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder \u548c importlib.abc.InspectLoader \u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            \u6b64\u7c7b\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u6709\u4e86 create_module()<\/code> \u548c exec_module()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            class<\/em> importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder<\/p>\n
                                            Finder \u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u5728 Windows \u6ce8\u518c\u8868\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u7684 importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder \u3002<\/p>\n
                                            \u6b64\u7c7b\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                            3.6 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u6539\u7528 site \u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7248\u672c\u7684 Python \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u8be5\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            class<\/em> importlib.machinery.PathFinder<\/p>\n
                                            \u7528\u4e8e sys.path \u548c\u5305\u7684 __path__<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u7684 Finder \u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u7684 importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder\u3002<\/p>\n
                                            \u6b64\u7c7b\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n
                                              \n
                                            • \n
                                              classmethod<\/em> find_spec(fullname<\/em>, path=None<\/em>, target=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                              \u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728 sys.path \u6216 path<\/em> \u4e0a\u4e3a fullname<\/em> \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u67e5\u627e spec\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u67e5\u770b sys.path_importer_cache \u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u975e False \u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4f5c path entry finder \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728 sys.path_importer_cache \u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u90a3\u4f1a\u5728 sys.path_hooks \u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u8def\u5f84\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u5668\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5219\u548c\u67e5\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4fe1\u606f\u4e00\u8d77\u5b58\u5165 sys.path_importer_cache \u3002\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u4e3a None<\/code> \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n
                                              3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                              \u5728 3.5 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u6548\uff08\u7528\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 sys.path_importer_cache \u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                            • \n
                                              classmethod<\/em> find_module(fullname<\/em>, path=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                              \u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684 find_spec() \u5c01\u88c5\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
                                              3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u4f7f\u7528 find_spec() \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                            • \n
                                              classmethod<\/em> invalidate_caches()<\/p>\n
                                              \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u4e8e sys.path_importer_cache \u4e2d\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u5668\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u5176 importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.invalidate_caches() \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 sys.path_importer_cache \u4e2d\u4e3a None<\/code> \u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
                                              \u5728 3.7 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: sys.path_importer_cache \u4e2d\u4e3a None<\/code> \u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                              \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u8c03\u7528 sys.path_hooks \u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a ''<\/code> (\u5373\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32)\u3002<\/p>\n
                                              class<\/em> importlib.machinery.FileFinder(path<\/em>, \\<\/em>loader_details*)<\/p>\n
                                              importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u81ea\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                              \u53c2\u6570 path<\/em> \u662f\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
                                              loader_details<\/em> \u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u53ca\u5176\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u5217\u8868\u3002\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u5e94\u4e3a\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5df2\u627e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
                                              \u67e5\u627e\u5668\u5c06\u6309\u9700\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u671f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u641c\u7d22\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7136\u540e\u641c\u7d22\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9891\u7387\u592a\u5feb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c0f\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6a21\u5757\u641c\u7d22\u5c06\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u8c03\u7528 importlib.invalidate_caches()\u3002<\/p>\n
                                              3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                \n
                                              • \n
                                                path<\/p>\n
                                                \u67e5\u627e\u5668\u5c06\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                              • \n
                                                find_spec(fullname<\/em>, target=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                \u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728 path \u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5904\u7406 fullname<\/em> \u7684\u89c4\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                              • \n
                                                find_loader(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                \u8bd5\u56fe\u5728 path \u5185\u627e\u5230\u5904\u7406 fullname<\/em> \u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                3.10 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u4f7f\u7528 find_spec() \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                              • \n
                                                invalidate_caches()<\/p>\n
                                                \u6e05\u7406\u5185\u90e8\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                              • \n
                                                classmethod<\/em> path_hook(\\<\/em>loader_details*)<\/p>\n
                                                \u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4f9b sys.path_hooks \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u95ed\u5305\u3002\u6839\u636e\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684 loader_details<\/em>\uff0c\u95ed\u5305\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a FileFinder \u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                \u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 ImportError\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                class<\/em> importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader(fullname<\/em>, path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                importlib.abc.SourceLoader \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b50\u7c7b\u5316\u4e86 importlib.abc.FileLoader \u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                  \n
                                                • \n
                                                  name<\/p>\n
                                                  \u8be5\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u5c06\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  path<\/p>\n
                                                  \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  is_package(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                  \u5982\u679c path \u770b\u4f3c\u5305\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de True<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  path_stats(path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                  importlib.abc.SourceLoader.path_stats() \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  set_data(path<\/em>, data<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                  importlib.abc.SourceLoader.set_data() \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                • \n
                                                  load_module(name=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                  importlib.abc.Loader.load_module() \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                  3.6 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u6539\u7528 importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module() \u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                  class<\/em> importlib.machinery.SourcelessFileLoader(fullname<\/em>, path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                  importlib.abc.FileLoader \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u5bfc\u5165\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4e5f\u5373\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                  \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6a21\u5757\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684 Python \u7248\u672c\u6216\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u6539\u52a8\u7684\u65b0\u7248\u672c Python\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                  3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  • \n
                                                    name<\/p>\n
                                                    \u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u5c06\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                  • \n
                                                    path<\/p>\n
                                                    \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                  • \n
                                                    is_package(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                    \u6839\u636e path \u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                  • \n
                                                    get_code(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                    \u8fd4\u56de\u7531 path \u521b\u5efa\u7684 name \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                  • \n
                                                    get_source(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                    \u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u6b64\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u65f6\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u6e90\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                  • \n
                                                    load_module(name=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                    importlib.abc.Loader.load_module() \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                    3.6 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u6539\u7528 importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module() \u3002<\/p>\n
                                                    class<\/em> importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader(fullname<\/em>, path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                    importlib.abc.ExecutionLoader \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                    \u53c2\u6570 fullname<\/em> \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u8981\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u3002\u53c2\u6570 path<\/em> \u662f\u6307\u5411\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                    3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    • \n
                                                      name<\/p>\n
                                                      \u88c5\u8f7d\u5668\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • \n
                                                      path<\/p>\n
                                                      \u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • \n
                                                      create_module(spec<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                      \u6839\u636e PEP 489 \uff0c\u7531\u7ed9\u5b9a\u89c4\u8303\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                      3.5 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • \n
                                                      exec_module(module<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                      \u6839\u636e PEP 489\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                      3.5 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • \n
                                                      is_package(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                      \u6839\u636e EXTENSION_SUFFIXES \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u6307\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\u5305\u7684 __init__<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de True<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • \n
                                                      get_code(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                      \u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u7f3a\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • \n
                                                      get_source(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                      \u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • \n
                                                      get_filename(fullname<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                      \u8fd4\u56de path\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                      3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                      NamespaceLoader(name, path, path_finder):<\/p>\n
                                                      A concrete implementation of importlib.abc.InspectLoader for namespace packages. This is an alias for a private class and is only made public for introspecting the __loader__<\/code> attribute on namespace packages:<\/p>\n
                                                      \n \n \n \n 
                                                        \n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                      1. >>><\/span> <\/span>from<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>machinery <\/span>import<\/span> <\/span>NamespaceLoader<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                      2. >>><\/span> <\/span>import<\/span> my_namespace<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                      3. >>><\/span> isinstance<\/span>(<\/span>my_namespace<\/span>.<\/span>__loader__<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>NamespaceLoader<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                      4. True<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                      5. >>><\/span> <\/span>import<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>abc<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                      6. >>><\/span> isinstance<\/span>(<\/span>my_namespace<\/span>.<\/span>__loader__<\/span>,<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>abc<\/span>.<\/span>Loader<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                      7. True<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                                                        3.11 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                        class<\/em> importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec(name<\/em>, loader<\/em>, **, <\/em>origin=None, <\/em>loader_state=None, <\/em>is_package=None*)<\/p>\n
                                                        A specification for a module\u2019s import-system-related state. This is typically exposed as the module\u2019s __spec__ attribute. In the descriptions below, the names in parentheses give the corresponding attribute available directly on the module object, e.g. module.__spec__.origin == module.__file__<\/code>. Note, however, that while the values<\/em> are usually equivalent, they can differ since there is no synchronization between the two objects. For example, it is possible to update the module\u2019s __file__ at runtime and this will not be automatically reflected in the module\u2019s __spec__.origin<\/code>, and vice versa.<\/p>\n
                                                        3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        • name<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                          (__name__)<\/p>\n
                                                          The module\u2019s fully qualified name. The finder should always set this attribute to a non-empty string.<\/p>\n
                                                            \n
                                                          • loader<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                            (__loader__)<\/p>\n
                                                            The loader used to load the module. The finder should always set this attribute.<\/p>\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • origin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                              (__file__)<\/p>\n
                                                              The location the loader should use to load the module. For example, for modules loaded from a .py file this is the filename. The finder should always set this attribute to a meaningful value for the loader to use. In the uncommon case that there is not one (like for namespace packages), it should be set to None<\/code>.<\/p>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • submodule_search_locations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                (__path__)<\/p>\n
                                                                The list of locations where the package\u2019s submodules will be found. Most of the time this is a single directory. The finder should set this attribute to a list, even an empty one, to indicate to the import system that the module is a package. It should be set to None<\/code> for non-package modules. It is set automatically later to a special object for namespace packages.<\/p>\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                • loader_state<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                  The finder may set this attribute to an object containing additional, module-specific data to use when loading the module. Otherwise it should be set to None<\/code>.<\/p>\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  • cached<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                    (__cached__)<\/p>\n
                                                                    The filename of a compiled version of the module\u2019s code. The finder should always set this attribute but it may be None<\/code> for modules that do not need compiled code stored.<\/p>\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    • parent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                      (__package__)<\/p>\n
                                                                      (Read-only) The fully qualified name of the package the module is in (or the empty string for a top-level module). If the module is a package then this is the same as name.<\/p>\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      • \n
                                                                        has_location<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                      • \n
                                                                        True<\/code> if the spec\u2019s origin refers to a loadable location,<\/p>\n
                                                                        False<\/code> otherwise. This value impacts how origin is interpreted and how the module\u2019s __file__ is populated.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                        importlib.util \u2014\u2014 \u5bfc\u5165\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801<\/h2>\n
                                                                        \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/strong> Lib\/importlib\/util.py<\/p>\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                        \u672c\u6a21\u5757\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u6784\u5efa importer \u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.util.MAGIC_NUMBER<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u4ee3\u8868\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u52a0\u8f7d\/\u5199\u5165\u5b57\u8282\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u91c7\u7528 importlib.abc.SourceLoader\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.util.cache_from_source(path<\/em>, debug_override=None<\/em>, **, <\/em>optimization=None*)<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u8fd4\u56de PEP 3147\/PEP 488 \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u6e90 path<\/em> \u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5df2\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c path<\/em> \u4e3a \/foo\/bar\/baz.py<\/code> \u5219 Python 3.2 \u4e2d\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c06\u662f \/foo\/bar\/__pycache__\/baz.cpython-32.pyc<\/code>\u3002 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 cpython-32<\/code> \u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\u6807\u7b7e (\u53c2\u89c1 get_tag()<\/code>; \u5982\u679c sys.implementation.cache_tag<\/code> \u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5219\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 NotImplementedError)\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u53c2\u6570 optimization<\/em> \u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4ee3\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 optimization<\/em> \u4e3a \u7684 \/foo\/bar\/baz.py<\/code>\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a \/foo\/bar\/__pycache__\/baz.cpython-32.pyc<\/code>\u3002None<\/code> \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u91c7\u7528\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 optimization<\/em> \u4e3a ''<\/code> \u7684 \/foo\/bar\/baz.py<\/code> \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a \/foo\/bar\/__pycache__\/baz.cpython-32.opt-2.pyc<\/code>\u3002optimization<\/em> \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 ValueError\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        debug_override<\/em> \u53c2\u6570\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8986\u76d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 __debug__<\/code> \u503c\u3002True<\/code> \u503c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c06 optimization<\/em> \u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002False<\/code> \u5219\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e*optimization* \u8bbe\u4e3a 1<\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c debug_override<\/em> \u548c optimization<\/em> \u90fd\u4e0d\u4e3a None<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 TypeError\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5728 3.5 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u589e\u52a0\u4e86 optimization<\/em> \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e9f\u5f03\u4e86 debug_override<\/em> \u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5728 3.6 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a path-like object\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.util.source_from_cache(path<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u6839\u636e\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a PEP 3147 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684 path<\/em>\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002 \u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c path<\/em> \u4e3a \/foo\/bar\/__pycache__\/baz.cpython-32.pyc<\/code> \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5c06\u662f \/foo\/bar\/baz.py<\/code>\u3002 path<\/em> \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u672a\u9075\u5faa PEP 3147 \u6216 PEP 488 \u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 ValueError\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49 sys.implementation.cache_tag<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 NotImplementedError\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5728 3.6 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a path-like object\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.util.decode_source(source_bytes<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5bf9\u4ee3\u8868\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e26\u6709\u901a\u7528\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fd4\u56de\uff08\u7b26\u5408 importlib.abc.InspectLoader.get_source() \u8981\u6c42\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.util.resolve_name(name<\/em>, package<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5c06\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5982\u679c name<\/strong> \u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u53e5\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8fd4\u56de name<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u91c7\u7528``importlib.util.resolve_name(\u2018sys\u2019, __spec__.parent)`` \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981 package<\/strong> \u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        ImportError is raised if name<\/strong> is a relative module name but package<\/strong> is a false value (e.g. None<\/code> or the empty string). ImportError is also raised if a relative name would escape its containing package (e.g. requesting ..bacon<\/code> from within the spam<\/code> package).<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.3 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5728 3.9 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u4e0e import \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bfc\u5165\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 ImportError \u800c\u4e0d\u662f ValueError\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.util.find_spec(name<\/em>, package=None<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u67e5\u627e\u6a21\u5757\u7684 spec\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 package<\/strong> \u540d\u4e3a\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u4f4d\u4e8e sys.modules \u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de sys.modules[name].__spec__<\/code> \uff08\u9664\u975e spec\u4e3a None<\/code> \u6216\u672a\u4f5c\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 ValueError)\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u7528 sys.meta_path \u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u82e5\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5982\u679c name<\/strong> \u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5bfc\u5165\u7236\u7ea7\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        name<\/strong> \u548c package<\/strong> \u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e import_module()<\/code> \u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5728 3.7 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5982\u679c package<\/strong> \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\uff08\u5373\u7f3a\u5c11 __path__ \u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 ModuleNotFoundError \u800c\u4e0d\u662f AttributeError\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u57fa\u4e8e spec<\/strong> \u548c spec.loader.create_module \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5982\u679c spec.loader.create_module \u672a\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5148\u524d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c AttributeError \u662f\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee spec<\/strong> \u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 \u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u672c\u51fd\u6570\u6bd4 types.ModuleType \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6a21\u5757\u8981\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u5230 spec<\/strong> \u6a21\u5757\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.5 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        @importlib.util.module_for_loader<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.abc.Loader.load_module() \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a decorator\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u9009\u53d6\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u4f9b\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u5e94\u5e26\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5982\uff1aload_module(self, module)<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u662f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u5757 \u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5047\u5b9a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5bf9\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u88c5\u9970\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u63a5\u53d7\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7684 name<\/strong>\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 loader \u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728 sys.modules \u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u81ea\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c __loader__ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a self<\/strong> \uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 __package__ \u662f\u6839\u636e importlib.abc.InspectLoader.is_package() \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u4f1a\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u4fbf\u652f\u6301\u518d\u6b21\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5982\u679c\u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e6\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5df2\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u5165 sys.modules \u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5c06\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632 sys.modules \u4e2d\u6b8b\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u539f\u5148\u5df2\u5728 sys.modules \u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5728 3.3 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e __loader__ \u548c __package__ \u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u8bbe\u7f6e __name__ \u3001 __loader__ \u3001 __package__ \u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u518d\u6b21\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5bfc\u5165\u673a\u5236\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        @importlib.util.set_loader<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u4e00\u4e2a decorator\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e importlib.abc.Loader.load_module() \u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e __loader__ \u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5c31\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u5b9a\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5373 self<\/code>\uff09\u5c31\u662f __loader__ \u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5728 3.4 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a None<\/code> \uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u53bb\u8bbe\u7f6e __loader__<\/code> \uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u73b0\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u673a\u5236\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7528\u5230\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        @importlib.util.set_package<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e importlib.abc.Loader.load_module() \u7684 decorator \uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd4\u56de\u6a21\u5757\u7684 __package__ \u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c __package__ \u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e14\u4e0d\u4e3a None<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505a\u6539\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.4 \u7248\u540e\u5df2\u79fb\u9664: \u73b0\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u673a\u5236\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7528\u5230\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.util.spec_from_loader(name<\/em>, loader<\/em>, **, <\/em>origin=None, <\/em>is_package=None*)<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u7684 ModuleSpec \u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e0e ModuleSpec \u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u53ef\u7528\u7684 loader API\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 InspectLoader.is_package()<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u586b\u5145\u6240\u6709\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(name<\/em>, location<\/em>, **, <\/em>loader=None, <\/em>submodule_search_locations=None*)<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u521b\u5efa ModuleSpec \u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u6839\u636e spec \u8fdb\u884c\u586b\u8865\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668 API \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u5757\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9690\u542b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.4 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5728 3.6 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a path-like object\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        importlib.util.source_hash(source_bytes<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de source_bytes<\/em> \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684 .pyc<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684 source_hash()\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.7 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        class<\/em> importlib.util.LazyLoader(loader<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u6b64\u7c7b\u4f1a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u6b64\u7c7b \u53ea<\/strong> \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 exec_module() \u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u7684 create_module() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de None<\/code> \u6216 __class__<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u4e14\u4e0d\u7528 slots \u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u6362 sys.modules \u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4e2d\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u66ff\u6362\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5c06\u89e6\u53d1 ValueError\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5907\u6ce8<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5982\u679c\u9879\u76ee\u5bf9\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6a21\u5757\u672a\u88ab\u7528\u8fc7\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u52a0\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u88ab\u6682\u65f6\u6401\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                        3.5 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd.<\/p>\n
                                                                        \u5728 3.6 \u7248\u66f4\u6539: \u5f00\u59cb\u8c03\u7528 create_module()\uff0c\u79fb\u9664 importlib.machinery.BuiltinImporter \u548c importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader \u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u8b66\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                          \n
                                                                        • \n
                                                                          classmethod<\/em> factory(loader<\/em>)<\/p>\n
                                                                          \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u521b\u5efa\u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u7684\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7528\u5728\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u7528\u7c7b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u573a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                          \n   \n   \n   \n   
                                                                            \n    \n    \n    \n    
                                                                          1. suffixes <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>machinery<\/span>.<\/span>SOURCE_SUFFIXES<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n    \n    \n    \n    
                                                                          2. loader <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>machinery<\/span>.<\/span>SourceFileLoader<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n    \n    \n    \n    
                                                                          3. lazy_loader <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span>.<\/span>LazyLoader<\/span>.<\/span>factory<\/span>(<\/span>loader<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n    \n    \n    \n    
                                                                          4. finder <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>machinery<\/span>.<\/span>FileFinder<\/span>(<\/span>path<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>(<\/span>lazy_loader<\/span>,<\/span> suffixes<\/span>))<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n   \n   \n   \n   <\/ol><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                            \u4f8b\u5b50<\/h2>\n
                                                                            \u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bfc\u5165<\/h3>\n
                                                                            \u8981\u4ee5\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 importlib.import_module() \uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                            \n \n \n \n 
                                                                              \n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                            1. import<\/span> importlib<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                            2. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                            3. itertools <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>import_module<\/span>(<\/span>'itertools'<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                                                                              \u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u5426\u5bfc\u5165\u3002<\/h3>\n
                                                                              \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 importlib.util.find_spec()\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                              \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679c name<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u5373\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff09\uff0c\u5219 importlib.util.find_spec() \u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u5165\u7236\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n
                                                                              \n \n \n \n 
                                                                                \n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              1. import<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              2. import<\/span> sys<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              3. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              4. # For illustrative purposes.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              5. name <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>'itertools'<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              6. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              7. if<\/span> name <\/span>in<\/span> sys<\/span>.<\/span>modules<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              8.  <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>\"{name!r} already in sys.modules\"<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              9. elif<\/span> <\/span>(<\/span>spec <\/span>:=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span>.<\/span>find_spec<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>))<\/span> <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>not<\/span> <\/span>None<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              10.  <\/span># If you chose to perform the actual import ...<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              11.  <\/span>module<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span>.<\/span>module_from_spec<\/span>(<\/span>spec<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              12.  sys<\/span>.<\/span>modules<\/span>[<\/span>name<\/span>]<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>module<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              13.  spec<\/span>.<\/span>loader<\/span>.<\/span>exec_module<\/span>(<\/span>module<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              14.  <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>\"{name!r} has been imported\"<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              15. else<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                              16.  <\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>\"can't find the {name!r} module\"<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                                                                                \u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u5165\u6e90\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/h3>\n
                                                                                To import a Python source file directly, use the following recipe:<\/p>\n
                                                                                \n \n \n \n 
                                                                                  \n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                1. import<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                2. import<\/span> sys<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                3. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                4. # For illustrative purposes.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                5. import<\/span> tokenize<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                6. file_path <\/span>=<\/span> tokenize<\/span>.<\/span>__file__<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                7. module_name <\/span>=<\/span> tokenize<\/span>.<\/span>__name__<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                8. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                9. spec <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span>.<\/span>spec_from_file_location<\/span>(<\/span>module_name<\/span>,<\/span> file_path<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                10. module<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span>.<\/span>module_from_spec<\/span>(<\/span>spec<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                11. sys<\/span>.<\/span>modules<\/span>[<\/span>module_name<\/span>]<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>module<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                12. spec<\/span>.<\/span>loader<\/span>.<\/span>exec_module<\/span>(<\/span>module<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                                                                                  \u5b9e\u73b0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5bfc\u5165<\/h3>\n
                                                                                  \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5bfc\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                                  \n \n \n \n 
                                                                                    \n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  1. >>><\/span> <\/span>import<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  2. >>><\/span> <\/span>import<\/span> sys<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  3. >>><\/span> <\/span>def<\/span> lazy_import<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>):<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  4. ...<\/span> spec <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span>.<\/span>find_spec<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  5. ...<\/span> loader <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span>.<\/span>LazyLoader<\/span>(<\/span>spec<\/span>.<\/span>loader<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  6. ...<\/span> spec<\/span>.<\/span>loader <\/span>=<\/span> loader<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  7. ...<\/span> <\/span>module<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span>.<\/span>module_from_spec<\/span>(<\/span>spec<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  8. ...<\/span> sys<\/span>.<\/span>modules<\/span>[<\/span>name<\/span>]<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>module<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  9. ...<\/span> loader<\/span>.<\/span>exec_module<\/span>(<\/span>module<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  10. ...<\/span> <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>module<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  11. ...<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  12. >>><\/span> lazy_typing <\/span>=<\/span> lazy_import<\/span>(<\/span>\"typing\"<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  13. >>><\/span> <\/span>#lazy_typing is a real module object,<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  14. >>><\/span> <\/span>#but it is not loaded in memory yet.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  15. >>><\/span> lazy_typing<\/span>.<\/span>TYPE_CHECKING<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                  16. False<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                                                                                    \u5bfc\u5165\u5668\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n
                                                                                    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a importer\u3002 \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f97\u540c\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406 finder \u548c loader\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff1a meta path finder \u6216 path entry finder\u3002 \u524d\u8005\u5e94\u4f4d\u4e8e sys.meta_path \u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u7528 path entry hook \u5728 sys.path_hooks \u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4f46\u4e0e sys.path \u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u627e\u5668\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c06\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u6ce8\u518c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5bfc\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u5efa\u5bfc\u5165\u5668\u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u5305\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u6587\u6863\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                                                    \n \n \n \n 
                                                                                      \n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    1. import<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>machinery<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    2. import<\/span> sys<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    3. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    4. # For illustrative purposes only.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    5. SpamMetaPathFinder<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>machinery<\/span>.<\/span>PathFinder<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    6. SpamPathEntryFinder<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>machinery<\/span>.<\/span>FileFinder<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    7. loader_details <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>(<\/span>importlib<\/span>.<\/span>machinery<\/span>.<\/span>SourceFileLoader<\/span>,<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    8.  importlib<\/span>.<\/span>machinery<\/span>.<\/span>SOURCE_SUFFIXES<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    9. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    10. # Setting up a meta path finder.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    11. # Make sure to put the finder in the proper location in the list in terms of<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    12. # priority.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    13. sys<\/span>.<\/span>meta_path<\/span>.<\/span>append<\/span>(<\/span>SpamMetaPathFinder<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    14. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    15. # Setting up a path entry finder.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    16. # Make sure to put the path hook in the proper location in the list in terms<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    17. # of priority.<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                    18. sys<\/span>.<\/span>path_hooks<\/span>.<\/span>append<\/span>(<\/span>SpamPathEntryFinder<\/span>.<\/span>path_hook<\/span>(<\/span>loader_details<\/span>))<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n
                                                                                      importlib.import_module() \u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n
                                                                                      Import itself is implemented in Python code, making it possible to expose most of the import machinery through importlib. The following helps illustrate the various APIs that importlib exposes by providing an approximate implementation of importlib.import_module():<\/p>\n
                                                                                      \n \n \n \n 
                                                                                        \n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      1. import<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      2. import<\/span> sys<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      3. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      4. def<\/span> import_module<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>package<\/span>=<\/span>None<\/span>):<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      5.  <\/span>\"\"\"An approximate implementation of import.\"\"\"<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      6.  absolute_name <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span>.<\/span>resolve_name<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>package<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      7.  <\/span>try<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      8.  <\/span>return<\/span> sys<\/span>.<\/span>modules<\/span>[<\/span>absolute_name<\/span>]<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      9.  <\/span>except<\/span> <\/span>KeyError<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      10.  <\/span>pass<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      11. <\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      12.  path <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>None<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      13.  <\/span>if<\/span> <\/span>'.'<\/span> <\/span>in<\/span> absolute_name<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      14.  parent_name<\/span>,<\/span> _<\/span>,<\/span> child_name <\/span>=<\/span> absolute_name<\/span>.<\/span>rpartition<\/span>(<\/span>'.'<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      15.  parent_module <\/span>=<\/span> import_module<\/span>(<\/span>parent_name<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      16.  path <\/span>=<\/span> parent_module<\/span>.<\/span>__spec__<\/span>.<\/span>submodule_search_locations<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      17.  <\/span>for<\/span> finder <\/span>in<\/span> sys<\/span>.<\/span>meta_path<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      18.  spec <\/span>=<\/span> finder<\/span>.<\/span>find_spec<\/span>(<\/span>absolute_name<\/span>,<\/span> path<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      19.  <\/span>if<\/span> spec <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>not<\/span> <\/span>None<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      20.  <\/span>break<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      21.  <\/span>else<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      22.  msg <\/span>=<\/span> f<\/span>'No module named {absolute_name!r}'<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      23.  <\/span>raise<\/span> <\/span>ModuleNotFoundError<\/span>(<\/span>msg<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>absolute_name<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      24.  <\/span>module<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> importlib<\/span>.<\/span>util<\/span>.<\/span>module_from_spec<\/span>(<\/span>spec<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      25.  sys<\/span>.<\/span>modules<\/span>[<\/span>absolute_name<\/span>]<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>module<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      26.  spec<\/span>.<\/span>loader<\/span>.<\/span>exec_module<\/span>(<\/span>module<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      27.  <\/span>if<\/span> path <\/span>is<\/span> <\/span>not<\/span> <\/span>None<\/span>:<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      28.  setattr<\/span>(<\/span>parent_module<\/span>,<\/span> child_name<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>module<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n  \n  \n  \n  
                                                                                      29.  <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>module<\/span><\/code><\/li>\n \n \n \n <\/ol><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                                                                                        importlib \u2014- import \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0 3.1 \u65b0\u7248\u529f\u80fd. \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801 Lib\/importlib\/__i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182397],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-167690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167690","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=167690"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167690\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=167690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=167690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=167690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}