{"id":157260,"date":"2022-04-10T20:33:57","date_gmt":"2022-04-10T12:33:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/157260\/"},"modified":"2022-04-10T20:33:57","modified_gmt":"2022-04-10T12:33:57","slug":"%e6%95%99%e4%bd%a0%e5%9c%a8linux%e4%b8%8a%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%8c%87%e5%ae%9a%e6%ae%b5%e8%90%bd%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7-linux%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%8c%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/157260\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6559\u4f60\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u6280\u5de7 (linux\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d<\/p>\n<p>cat\uff08concatenate\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0ccat\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>cat\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>cat [\u9009\u9879] [\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6]<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u9879\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662fcat\u547d\u4ee4\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c|\u201d\uff08\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\uff09\u548c\u201cgrep\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u201croot\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>cat \/etc\/passwd | grep root<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528tl\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d<\/p>\n<p>tl\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0ctl\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c-n\u201d\u9009\u9879\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528tl\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>tl\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>tl [\u9009\u9879] \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u9879\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c-n\u201d\u9009\u9879\u52a0\u4e0a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>tl -n +10 filename<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c10\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d<\/p>\n<p>grep\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>grep\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>grep [\u9009\u9879] \u2018\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u2019 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u9879\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u201croot\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>grep root \/etc\/passwd<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u201croot\u201d\u7684\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528sed\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d<\/p>\n<p>sed\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0csed\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u201c-n\u201d\u9009\u9879\u548c\u201cp\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>sed\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>sed [\u9009\u9879] \u2018\u547d\u4ee4\u2019 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u9879\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684sed\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>sed -n \u201910p\u2019 filename<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c10\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8f93\u51fa10\u884c\u523020\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>sed -n \u201810,20p\u2019 filename<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c10\u884c\u523020\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d<\/p>\n<p>awk\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0cawk\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>awk\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>awk \u2018\u6761\u4ef6{\u547d\u4ee4}\u2019 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u6307\u9009\u53d6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`shell<\/p>\n<p>awk \u2018NR == 10, NR == 20{print}\u2019 filename<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c10\u884c\u523020\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u60a8\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u8fd8\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u90fd\u5c06\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u62d3\u5c55\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>linux\u7684grep\u547d\u4ee4\u600e\u4e48\u53bb\u641ctab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>linux\u7684grep\u547d\u4ee4\u600e\u4e48\u53bb\u641ctab<\/h3>\n<p>grep -E \u201c\u7238\u7238\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\u201d test.txt<\/p>\n<p>grep -P \u201cE\\t*\u7238\u7238\u53bb\u54ea\u513f*\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\uff1a \u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u78b0\u518c\u4ef6\u5185\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d \u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u767e\u5ea6\u77e5\u9053\u548c\u7238\u7238\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u60f3\u4ece\u767e\u5ea6\u77e5\u9053\u6863\u5435\u53cb\u91cc\u641c\u51fa\u7238\u7238\u53bb\u54ea\u513f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u767e\u5ea6\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u884c\u69d0\u54ea\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5c31\u597d\u4e86 \u53ef\u4ee5\u6311\u9009\u524d\u51e0\u884c \u7136\u540e\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u547d\u4ee4 \u901a\u8fc7grep \u67e5\u8be2\u5173\u952e\u5b57 head -n 3 test.txt | grep \u7238\u7238\u53bb\u54ea\u513f \u5982\u679c\u786e\u4fe1 \u767e\u5ea6\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u524d\u4e09\u884c\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>cat test.txt |grep E<\/p>\n<p>linux\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5c31\u804a\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5427\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u4f60\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8elinux\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d,\u6559\u4f60\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u6280\u5de7,linux\u7684grep\u547d\u4ee4\u600e\u4e48\u53bb\u641ctab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u5728\u672c\u7ad9\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u5594\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:https:\/\/idc.net\/\">\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\u9996\u9009\u540e\u6d6a\u4e91\uff0c2H2G\u9996\u670810\u5143\u5f00\u901a\u3002<br \/>\u540e\u6d6a\u4e91\uff08www.IDC.Net\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b80\u5355\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u539a\u9053\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\/\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002IDC+ISP+ICP\u8d44\u8d28\u3002ARIN\u548cAPNIC\u4f1a\u5458\u3002\u6210\u719f\u6280\u672f\u56e2\u961f15\u5e74\u884c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c 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