{"id":133426,"date":"2023-06-20T10:02:56","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T02:02:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/133426\/"},"modified":"2023-06-20T10:02:56","modified_gmt":"2023-06-20T02:02:56","slug":"%e3%80%8c%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8linux%e6%8c%89%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%9f%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%ef%bc%9f%e3%80%8d-linux%e6%8c%89%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%9f%e6%9f%a5%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/133426\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u6309\u65e5\u671f\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1f\u300d (linux\u6309\u65e5\u671f\u67e5\u65e5\u5fd7)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u6309\u65e5\u671f\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5f00\u6e90\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u88ab\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u9752\u7750\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540dLinux\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65f6\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u8005\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u6309\u65e5\u671f\u67e5\u770bLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`bash<\/p>\n<p>$ dmesg # \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>$ tl -f \/var\/log\/messages # \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>$ tl -f \/var\/log\/syslog # \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>$ tl -f \/var\/log\/auth.log # \u67e5\u770b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>$ tl -f \/var\/log\/secure # \u67e5\u770b\u5b89\u5168\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>$ journalctl # \u67e5\u770bsystemd\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u5343\u5947\u767e\u602a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230date\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001date\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<p>date\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u663e\u793a\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662fdate\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1. \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`bash<\/p>\n<p>$ date<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`bash<\/p>\n<p>Sun May 16 15:28:20 CST 2023<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u661f\u671f\u51e0\u3001\u6708\u4efd\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u533a\u548c\u5e74\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. \u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`bash<\/p>\n<p>$ date \u2018+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\u2019<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u300c\u5e74-\u6708-\u65e5 \u65f6:\u5206:\u79d2\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3. \u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`bash<\/p>\n<p>$ date -d \u201c2023-05-16 15:00:00\u201d \u201c+%s\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6210\u79d2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528date\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u65e5\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u67e5\u8be2\u7279\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u7279\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1. grep\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528grep\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u6216\u8005\u641c\u7d22\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`bash<\/p>\n<p>$ grep \u201cMay 16\u201d \/var\/log\/syslog<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\/var\/log\/syslog\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u671f\u4e3aMay 16\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. sed\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528sed\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`bash<\/p>\n<p>$ sed -n \u2018\/May 16\/p\u2019 \/var\/log\/syslog<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u53ea\u663e\u793a\/var\/log\/syslog\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65e5\u671f\u4e3aMay 16\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3. awk\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528awk\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u79bb\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`bash<\/p>\n<p>$ awk \u2018\/May 16\/\u2019 \/var\/log\/syslog<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u53ea\u663e\u793a\/var\/log\/syslog\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65e5\u671f\u4e3aMay 16\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4. find\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528find\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`bash<\/p>\n<p>$ find \/var\/log\/ -name \u201c*May 16*\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c`<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\/var\/log\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\u5305\u542bMay 16\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u3001<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6392\u9664\u6545\u969c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528date\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u6307\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5927\u5bb6\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u627e\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u62d3\u5c55\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u600e\u6837\u67e5\u770blinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770blinux\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u600e\u6837\u67e5\u770blinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n<p>1\u3001Linux\u4e0b\u91cd\u8981\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/boot.log<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u68c0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u663e\u793a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe1 \/var\/log\/boot.log\u793a\u610f<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/cron<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55crontab\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0bcrond\u6240\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u548cPID\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002CMD\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u662fcron\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u60c5\u51b5\u3002REPLACE(\u66ff\u6362)\u52a8\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684cron\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u8981\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002RELOAD\u52a8\u4f5c\u5728REPLACE\u52a8\u4f5c\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740cron\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684cron\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u800ccron\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u91cd\u65b0\u88c5\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u67e5\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u610f\u8bf7\u89c1\u56fe2\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe2 \/var\/log\/cron\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u610f<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/maillog<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u9001\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u628a\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\u662f\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe3 \/var\/log\/maillog\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u610f<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u62ff\u8fd0\u614e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u5305\u542b\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u662f\u5305\u542bPID\u6216\u5185\u6838\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u4f01\u56fe\u548c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u88ab\u6df9\u6ca1\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\/etc\/syslog\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002\u7531\/etc\/syslog.conf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u51b3\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u5199\u5165\/var\/messages\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/syslog<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4Fedora\u4e0d\u751f\u6210\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\/etc\/syslog.conf\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u548c\/etc\/log\/messages\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u6ce8\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8981\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\/etc\/syslog.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\uff1a*.warning \/\u6084\u6838var\/log\/syslog \u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6login\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u53e3\u4ee4\u3001Sendmail\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001su\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u8fd1\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7531login\u751f\u6210\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u88ab\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528lastlog\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u6839\u636eUID\u6392\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u548c\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c31\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u201d**Never logged in**\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5root\u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8f93\u5165lastlog\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u56fe4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe4 lastlog\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/wtmp<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u6c38\u4e45\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u6ce8\u9500\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u505c\u673a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u968f\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0clast\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u53cd\u5e8f\u4ece\u540e\u5411\u524d\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0clast\u4e5f\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7ec8\u7aeftty\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/run\/utmp<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6709\u5173\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u6ce8\u9500\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u5f53\u65f6\u8054\u673a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u4fdd\u7559\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u8be2\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982 who\u3001w\u3001users\u3001finger\u7b49\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a81\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0 utmp\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0d\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63d0\u53ca\u76843\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6(\/var\/log\/wtmp\u3001\/var\/run\/utmp\u3001\/var\/log\/lastlog)\u662f\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6309\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528less\u3001cat\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u800c\u67e5\u770b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cutmp\u548cwtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u800clastlog\u6587\u4ef6\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528man\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u6b21\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0clogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6587\u4ef6lastlog\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u628a\u7528\u6237\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u6ce8\u9500\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540elogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728lastlog\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u65b0\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6253\u5f00utmp\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u7528\u6237\u7684utmp\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8be5\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u76f4\u7528\u5230\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u3002utmp\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6d88\u656c\u5305\u62ecwho\u3001w\u3001users\u548cfinger\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0clogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6wtmp\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u7684utmp\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7684\u540c\u4e00utmp\u8bb0\u5f55\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8flast\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/xferlog<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55FTP\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u5411FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u7528\u6765\u5165\u4fb5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u4f9b\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u662f\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u57df\u662f\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u79d2\u6570\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u672c\u5730\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u7c7b\u578b(a\uff1aASCII\uff0cb\uff1a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236)\u3001\u4e0e\u538b\u7f29\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6216tar\uff0c\u6216\u201d_\u201d(\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u8bdd)\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5411(\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u800c\u8a00\uff1ai\u4ee3\u8868\u8fdb\uff0co\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa)\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f(a\uff1a\u533f\u540d\uff0cg\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0cr\uff1a\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237)\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u540d(\u901a\u5e38\u662fftp)\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5(l\uff1aRFC931\uff0c\u62160)\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u7684ID\u6216\u201d*\u201d\u3002\u56fe5\u662f\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe5 \/var\/log\/xferlog\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u610f<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001Linux\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u67e5\u770b\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u4e0b\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u672c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u548c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>dmesg<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528dmesg\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u5982\u56fe6\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe6 dmesg\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u5206\u9875\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u56fe7\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p># dmesg | more<\/p>\n<p>&lt;img src=\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u201d align=\u201dcenter\u201d&gt;<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe7 dmesg|more\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<p>tail<\/p>\n<p>tail\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528-f\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\u5f53\u65e5\u5fd7\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\uff0ctail\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u663e\u793a\u65b0\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u56fe8\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p># tar -f \/var\/log\/messages<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe8 \u4f7f\u7528tail\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u663e\u793a\/var\/log\/messages\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e6\u884c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8981\u505c\u6b62tail -f\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u4e2d\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>more\u548cless<\/p>\n<p>more\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0eDOS\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4ee5\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5206\u9875\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u5206\u9875\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793amaillog\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p># more maillog<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe9 \u4f7f\u7528more\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528q\u6216\u8005\u6765\u505c\u6b62\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>less \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u9605\u8bfb\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6eda\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u4ee5\u53ca\u68c0\u7d22\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p># less \/var\/log\/cron<\/p>\n<p>\u56fe9 \u4f7f\u7528less\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u663e\u793a\/var\/log\/yum.log\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528q\u6765\u505c\u6b62\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<h3>\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770blinux\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n<p>#cd \/var\/log\/messages (linux\u65e5\u5fd7\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u5728var\/log\u91cc\u9762\u3001\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u7279\u610f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>#less\/cat\/more\/head\/awk \u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u5e26\u865a\u626e\u8822\u7076\u4ee4\u90fd\u884c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>cat message.log |grep \/2023\/ |wc -l<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>#ps -aux | grep httpd | wc -l \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u8a89\u640f\u5206\u6790\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>1.\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5148cd\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u62c6\u5b59\u5dde\u4eec\u5148\u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u4e0b\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u76d1\u63a7\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.\u4e0b\u9762\u5148\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e0btail\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u770b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002tail \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e10\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.\u63a5\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u628a10\u884c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u6539\u6210\u663e\u793a20\u884c\u3002tail -n 20 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n<p>5.\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u94fa\u57ab\uff0c\u65c5\u853d\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u52a8\u6001\u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\uff1atail -f \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0b\u56fe\u770b\u51fa\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u540e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5237\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u5c3e\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>6.\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u884c\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9POSIX1.0\u6807\u51c6<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Linux\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684DOS\u3001Windows\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u4eceWindows\u8f6c\u5230Linux\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u60f3\u5230\u4ee5\u524d\u5728Windows\u4e0b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7591\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5e73\u53f0<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u5177\u6709x86\u3001680\u00d70\u3001SPARC\u3001Alpha\u7b49\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u6b64\u5916Linux\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u638c\u4e0a\u7535\u8111\u3001\u673a\u9876\u76d2\u6216\u6e38\u620f\u673a\u4e0a\u30022023\u5e741\u6708\u4efd\u53d1\u5e03\u7684Linux 2.4\u7248\u5185\u6838\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u51ef\u82a6\u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301Intel&nbsp;64\u4f4d\u82af\u7247\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u540c\u65f6Linux\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6280\u672f\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90:<\/p>\n<p>\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\uff1aLinux<\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1acat \/var\/log\/*.log<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b tail -f \/var\/log\/messages<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 watch -d -n 1 cat \/var\/log\/messages<\/p>\n<p>-d\u8868\u793a\u9ad8\u4eae\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c-n\u8868\u793a\u591a\u5c11\u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b9e\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u7ec8\u6b62\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u6309 Ctrl+C \u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u95f4\u65e5\u5fd7\u2013\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u628a\u7eaa\u5f55\u5199\u5165\u5230\/var\/log\/wtmp\u548c\/var\/run\/utmp\uff0clogin\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u65b0wtmp\u548cutmp\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8c01\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7edf\u8ba1\u2013\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f80\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\uff08pacct\u6216acct\uff09\u4e2d\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u2013\u7531syslogd\uff088\uff09\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5185\u6838\u901a\u8fc7syslog\uff083\uff09\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\/var\/log\/messages\u62a5\u544a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6709\u8bb8\u591aUNIX\u7a0b\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u50cfHTTP\u548cFTP\u8fd9\u6837\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u6b21\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0clogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6587\u4ef6lastlog\u4e2d\u5bdf\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5219\u628a\u7528\u6237\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136 \u540elogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728lastlog\u4e2d\u7eaa\u5f55\u65b0\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u7684lastlog\u7eaa\u5f55\u5199\u5165\u540e\uff0cutmp\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u7528\u6237\u7684utmp\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u8be5\u7eaa\u5f55\u4e00\u76f4\u7528\u5230\u7528\u6237 \u767b\u5f55\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u3002utmp\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ecwho\u3001w\u3001users\u548cfinger\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0clogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6wtmp\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u7684utmp\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u5490\u626e\u518c\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7684\u540c\u4e00utmp\u7eaa\u5f55\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8flast\u548cac\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>wtmp\u548cutmp\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8bf8\u5982tail\u547d\u4ee4\u526a\u8d34\u6216\u5408\u5e76\uff08\u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528who\u3001\u7f3a\u7a3fw\u3001users\u3001last\u548cac\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>who\uff1awho\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2utmp\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3002Who\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u671f\u53ca\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1awho\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6307\u660e\u4e86wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5219who\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u547d\u4ee4who \/var\/log\/wtmp\u5c06\u62a5\u544a\u81ea\u4ecewtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u5220\u6539\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>w\uff1aw\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2utmp\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5b83\u6240\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aw\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a\uff1a3:36pm up 1 day, 22:34, 6 users, load average: 0.23, 0.29, 0.27\u3002<\/p>\n<p>users\uff1ausers\u7528\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6709\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1ausers\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a\uff1achyang lewis lewis ylou ynguo ynguo<\/p>\n<p>last\uff1alast\u547d\u4ee4\u5f80\u56de\u641c\u7d22wtmp\u6765\u663e\u793a\u81ea\u4ece\u6587\u8861\u5b8f\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u4ee5\u6765\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>ac\uff1aac\u547d\u4ee4\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\/var\/log\/wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u6765\u62a5\u544a\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u7ed3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5219\u62a5\u544a\u603b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aac\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a\uff1atotal 5177.47<\/p>\n<p>lastlog\uff1alastlog\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u6709\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u88ab\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528lastlog\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65e5 \u5fd7\/var\/log\/lastlog\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b83\u6839\u636eUID\u6392\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff08tty\uff09\u548c\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\uff0clastlog\u663e \u793a\u201d**Never logged**\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u9700\u8981\u4ee5root\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>cat \/var\/log\/*.log<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b tail -f \/var\/log\/messages<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 watch -d -n 1 cat \/var\/log\/messages<\/p>\n<p>-d\u8868\u793a\u9ad8\u4eae\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c-n\u8868\u793a\u591a\u5c11\u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u614e\u6e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b9e\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u7ec8\u6b62\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u6309 Ctrl+C \u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u95f4\u65e5\u5fd7\u2013\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u628a\u7eaa\u5f55\u5199\u5165\u5230\/var\/log\/wtmp\u548c\/var\/run\/utmp\uff0clogin\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u65b0wtmp\u548cutmp\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8c01\u5728\u4f55\u65f6\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7edf\u8ba1\u2013\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f80\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\uff08pacct\u6216acct\uff09\u4e2d\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u2013\u7531syslogd\uff088\uff09\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u85af\u5b5d\u7a57\u7edf\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5185\u6838\u901a\u8fc7syslog\uff083\uff09\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\/var\/log\/messages\u62a5\u544a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u6709\u8bb8\u591aUNIX\u7a0b\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u50cfHTTP\u548cFTP\u8fd9\u6837\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000access-log\u7eaa\u5f55HTTP\/web\u7684\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000acct\/pacct\u7eaa\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000aculog\u7eaa\u5f55MODEM\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000btmp\u7eaa\u6570\u535c\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000lastlog\u3000\u3000\u7eaa\u5f55\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u6b21\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000messages\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4ecesyslog\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u6709\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5230syslog\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u662fRed Hat Linux\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e4b\u4e00 <\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000sudolog\u7eaa\u5f55\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000sulog\u7eaa\u5f55\u4f7f\u7528su\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000syslog\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 \u4ecesyslog\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u94fe\u63a5\u5230messages\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000utmp\u7eaa\u5f55\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000wtmp\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u7eaa\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000xferlog\u7eaa\u5f55FTP\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/secure\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f <\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/maillog \u4e0e\u90ae\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f <\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/cron \u4e0e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f <\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/spooler \u4e0eUUCP\u548cnews\u8bbe\u5907\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f <\/p>\n<p>\/var\/log\/boot.log \u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u505c\u6b62\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6d88\u606f <\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000utmp\u3001wtmp\u548clastlog\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u591a\u6570\u91cd\u7528UNIX\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u2013\u4fdd\u6301\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6587\u4ef6utmp\u4e2d\uff1b\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u7eaa\u5f55\u5728\u6587\u4ef6wtmp\u4e2d\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528lastlog\u547d\u4ee4\u5bdf\u770b\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u5173\u673a\u548c\u91cd\u8d77\u4e5f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff08lastlog\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5927\uff09\u5728\u5177\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u589e\u957f\u5341\u5206\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b9a\u671f\u622a\u53d6\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u4e00\u5929\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u5468\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u628awtmp\u914d\u7f6e\u6210\u5faa\u73af\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u7531cron\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u811a\u672c\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u5e76\u5faa\u73af\u4f7f\u7528wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cwtmp\u5728\u4e4b\u4e00\u5929\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u547d\u540d\u4e3awtmp.1\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u540ewtmp.1\u53d8\u4e3awtmp.2\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u76f4\u5230wtmp.7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6bcf\u6b21\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0clogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6587\u4ef6lastlog\u4e2d\u5bdf\u770b\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5219\u628a\u7528\u6237\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540elogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728lastlog\u4e2d\u7eaa\u5f55\u65b0\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u7684lastlog\u7eaa\u5f55\u5199\u5165\u540e\uff0cutmp\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u7528\u6237\u7684utmp\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u8be5\u7eaa\u5f55\u4e00\u76f4\u7528\u5230\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u3002utmp\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ecwho\u3001w\u3001users\u548cfinger\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0clogin\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6wtmp\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u7684utmp\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7684\u540c\u4e00utmp\u7eaa\u5f55\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8flast\u548cac\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5177\u4f53\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000wtmp\u548cutmp\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8bf8\u5982tail\u547d\u4ee4\u526a\u8d34\u6216\u5408\u5e76\uff08\u4f7f\u7528cat\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528who\u3001w\u3001users\u3001last\u548cac\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000who\uff1awho\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2utmp\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3002Who\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u671f\u53ca\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1awho\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000chyang\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 pts\/0 Aug:06<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 pts\/2 Aug:32<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 pts\/3 Aug:55<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000lewis\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 pts\/4 Aug:35<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 pts\/7 Aug:12<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ylou\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 pts\/8 Aug:15<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u6307\u660e\u4e86wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5219who\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u547d\u4ee4who \/var\/log\/wtmp\u5c06\u62a5\u544a\u81ea\u4ecewtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u5220\u6539\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000w\uff1aw\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2utmp\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5b83\u6240\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aw\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a\uff1a3:36pm up 1 day, 22:34, 6 users, load average: 0.23, 0.29, 0.27\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000USER\u3000\u3000 TTY\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000FROM\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU\u3000\u3000WHAT<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000chyang pts\/0 202.38.68.242\u3000\u30003:06pm 2:04 0.08s 0.04s -bash<\/p>\n<p>ynguo pts\/2 202.38.79.47\u3000\u3000 3:32pm 0.00s 0.14s 0.05\u3000\u3000 w<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000lewis pts\/3 202.38.64.233\u3000\u30001:55pm 30:39 0.27s 0.22s -bash<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000lewis pts\/4 202.38.64.233\u3000\u30001:35pm 6.00s 4.03s 0.01s sh \/home\/users\/<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo pts\/7 simba.nic.ustc.e 2:12pm 0.00s 0.47s 0.24s telnet mail<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ylou\u3000\u3000pts\/8 202.38.64.235\u3000\u30002:15pm 1:09m 0.10s 0.04s\u3000\u3000-bash<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000users\uff1ausers\u7528\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6709\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1ausers\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a\uff1achyang lewis lewis ylou ynguo ynguo<\/p>\n<p> \u3000last\uff1alast\u547d\u4ee4\u5f80\u56de\u641c\u7d22wtmp\u6765\u663e\u793a\u81ea\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u4ee5\u6765\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000chyang pts\/9\u3000\u3000202.38.68.242 Tue Aug 1 08::23 (02:49)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000cfan\u3000\u3000pts\/6\u3000\u3000202.38.64.224 Tue Aug 1 08::48 (00:14)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000chyang pts\/4\u3000\u3000202.38.68.242 Tue Aug 1 08::13 (03:40)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000lewis pts\/3\u3000\u3000202.38.64.233 Tue Aug 1 08::09 (03:03)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000lewis pts\/2\u3000\u3000202.38.64.233 Tue Aug 1 07::09 (03:12)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48last\u53ea\u62a5\u544a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fd1\u671f\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1alast ynguo\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo\u3000\u3000pts\/4 simba.nic.ustc.e Fri Aug 4 16::20 (15:30)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo\u3000\u3000pts\/4 simba.nic.ustc.e Thu Aug 3 23::40 (04:44)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo\u3000\u3000pts\/11 simba.nic.ustc.e Thu Aug 3 20::02 (01:16)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo\u3000\u3000pts\/0 simba.nic.ustc.e Thu Aug 3 03::42 (02:25)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo\u3000\u3000pts\/0 simba.nic.ustc.e Wed Aug 2 01::16 1+02:12)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo\u3000\u3000pts\/0 simba.nic.ustc.e Wed Aug 2 00::54 (00:11)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo\u3000\u3000pts\/9 simba.nic.ustc.e Thu Aug 1 20::26 (00:55)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ac\uff1aac\u547d\u4ee4\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\/var\/log\/wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u6765\u62a5\u544a\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u7ed3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5219\u62a5\u544a\u603b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aac\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a\uff1atotal 5177.47<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ac -d\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u603b\u7684\u8fde\u7ed3\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000Aug 12 total 261.87<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000Aug 13 total 351.39<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000Aug 14 total 396.09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000Aug 15 total 462.63<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000Aug 16 total 270.45<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000Aug 17 total 104.29<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000Today total 179.00<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ac -p \uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u603b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ynguo 193.23<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000yucao 3.35<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000rong 133.40<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000hdai 10.52<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000zjzhu 52.87<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000zqzhou 13.14<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000liangliu 24.34<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000total 5178.22<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000lastlog\uff1alastlog\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u6709\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u88ab\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528lastlog\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\/var\/log\/lastlog\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b83\u6839\u636eUID\u6392\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff08tty\uff09\u548c\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u672a\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\uff0clastlog\u663e\u793a\u201d**Never logged**\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u9700\u8981\u4ee5root\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000rong.38.64.Fri Aug 18 15:57:01 +<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000dbb**Never logged in**<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000xinchen**Never logged in**<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000pb **Never logged in**<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000xchen.38.64.Sun Aug 13 10:01:22 +<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\/var\/log\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p> 1\uff0ccat messages\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p> 2\uff0c\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u6539\u5c3a\u8fc7tail\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982tail -f messages\u3002<\/p>\n<p> 3\uff0ctail\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<p> -f \u5faa\u73af\u8bfb\u53d6<\/p>\n<p> -q \u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<p> -v \u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5904\u8154\u643a\u7406\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<p> -c \u663e\u793a\u7684\u4f0d\u6b7c\u4f0f\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/p>\n<p> -n \u663e\u793a\u884c\u6570<\/p>\n<p> \u2013pid=PID \u4e0e-f\u5408\u7528,\u8868\u793a\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0bID,PID\u6b7b\u6389\u4e4b\u540e\u7ed3\u675f. <\/p>\n<p> -q, \u2013quiet, \u2013silent 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