{"id":129323,"date":"2021-11-15T16:24:26","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T08:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.idc.net\/help\/129323\/"},"modified":"2021-11-15T16:24:26","modified_gmt":"2021-11-15T08:24:26","slug":"linux%e4%b8%adlib%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84%e8%b7%af%e5%be%84-linux-lib%e6%89%80%e6%94%be%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%8d%e7%bd%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idc.net\/help\/129323\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u4e2dlib\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84 (linux lib\u6240\u653e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Linux \u4e2d lib \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\uff0clib \u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e lib 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LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 export \u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406 lib 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lo\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u6620\u50cf\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653e\u5728\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6838\u5fc3\u6620\u50cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6838\u5fc3\u6620\u50cf\u5fc5\u987b\u5728i d e\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u524d\u67f1\u9762\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/mnt\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\/ m n t\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e34\u65f6\u5b89\u88c5( m o u n t )\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u70b9\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\/mnt \u3002\/mnt \u4e0b\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\/mnt\/dosa \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528m s d o s\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f6f\u9a71\uff0c\u800c\/mnt\/exta \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528e x t 2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f6f\u9a71\uff0c\/mnt\/cdrom \u5149\u9a71\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/proc, \/usr,\/var,\/home\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<p>\/etc \u76ee\u5f55\u5305\u542b\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u9605\u8bfb\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684m a n\u9875\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5728\/etc \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/rc\u6216\/etc\/rc.d\u6216\/etc\/rc?.d<\/p>\n<p>\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6216\u811a\u672c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/passwd<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u57df\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8d77\u59cb\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u53e3\u4ee4\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5176<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/fdprm<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6f\u76d8\u53c2\u6570\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f6f\u76d8\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u7528setfdprm \u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u89c1s e t f d p r m<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/fstab<\/p>\n<p>\u6307\u5b9a\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u7528swapon -a\u542f\u7528\u7684s w a p\u533a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/group<\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\/etc\/passwd \uff0c\u4f46\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u662f\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u7ec4\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/inittab<\/p>\n<p>init \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/issue<\/p>\n<p>\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u524d\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u77ed\u8bf4\u660e\u6216\u6b22\u8fce\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/magic<\/p>\n<p>\u201cf i l e\u201d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u201cf i l e\u201d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u731c\u6d4b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/motd<\/p>\n<p>m o t d\u662fmessage of the day\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u8ba1\u5212\u5173\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/mtab<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\u8868\u3002\u7531\u811a\u672c( s c r i t p )\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u7531mount \u547d\u4ee4\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528(\u4f8b\u5982df \u547d\u4ee4)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/shadow<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u5f71\u5b50( s h a d o w )\u53e3\u4ee4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\/ e t c \/ p a s s wd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u53e3\u4ee4\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\/ e t c \/ s h a d o w\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u5bf9\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237( r o o t)\u53ef\u8bfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u7834\u8bd1\u53e3\u4ee4\u66f4\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/login.defs<\/p>\n<p>l o g i n\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/printcap<\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\/etc\/termcap \uff0c\u4f46\u9488\u5bf9\u6253\u5370\u673a\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/profile \u3001\/ e t c \/ c s h . l o g i n\u3001\/etc\/csh.cshrc<\/p>\n<p>\u767b\u5f55\u6216\u542f\u52a8\u65f6b o u r n e\u6216c shells\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u5c40\u7f3a\u7701\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/securetty<\/p>\n<p>\u786e\u8ba4\u5b89\u5168\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u5373\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5141\u8bb8\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237( r o o t )\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u865a\u62df\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd(\u81f3\u5c11\u5f88\u56f0\u96be)\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u5236\u89e3\u8c03\u5668( m o d e m )\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u95ef\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7279\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/shells<\/p>\n<p>\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684s h e l l\u3002chsh \u547d\u4ee4\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6539\u53d8\u767b\u5f55\u7684s h e l l\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668f t p\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0bftpd \u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237s h e l l\u662f\u5426\u5217\u5728\/etc\/shells \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/termcap<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec8\u7aef\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u51fa\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217(\u8fd9\u6837\u53ea\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef)\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\/etc\/termcap \u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u6570\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/dev\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<p>\/dev 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log\u7eaa\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u6ce8\u9500) \u548csyslog (\/var\/log\/messages \u7eaa\u5f55\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fe1\u606f)\u3002\/var\/log\u91cc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/run<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u524d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c \/var\/run\/utmp \u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/spool<\/p>\n<p>\u653e\u7f6e\u201c\u5047\u8131\u673a( s p o o l )\u201d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982m a i l\u3001n e w s\u3001\u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u961f\u5217\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684s p o o l\u5728\/var\/spool \u4e0b\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u90ae\u7bb1\u5c31\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/var\/spool\/mail\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/var\/tmp<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\/tmp \u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6216\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\/var\/tmp \u6709\u5f88\u65e7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/proc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<p>\/proc \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f2a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0<\/p>\n<p>\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55(\/proc \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728proc man\u9875\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u8be6<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/proc\/x<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0bx\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00x\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\/proc \u4e0b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u81ea<\/p>\n<p>\u5df1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/proc\/cpuinfo<\/p>\n<p>\u5b58\u653e\u5904\u7406\u5668( c p u )\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982c p u\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3001\u578b\u53f7\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/proc\/devices<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/proc\/dma<\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684d m a\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/proc\/filesystems<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/proc\/interrupts<\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5360\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\/proc\/ioports<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684i \/ 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